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      Heart rate variability: Origins, methods, and interpretive caveats

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          Abstract

          Components of heart rate variability have attracted considerable attention in psychology and medicine and have become important dependent measures in psychophysiology and behavioral medicine. Quantification and interpretation of heart rate variability, however, remain complex issues and are fraught with pitfalls. The present report (a) examines the physiological origins and mechanisms of heart rate variability, (b) considers quantitative approaches to measurement, and (c) highlights important caveats in the interpretation of heart rate variability. Summary guidelines for research in this area are outlined, and suggestions and prospects for future developments are considered.

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          Fractal mechanisms in the electrophysiology of the heart.

          The mathematical concept of fractals provides insights into complex anatomic branching structures that lack a characteristic (single) length scale, and certain complex physiologic processes, such as heart rate regulation, that lack a single time scale. Heart rate control is perturbed by alterations in neuro-autonomic function in a number of important clinical syndromes, including sudden cardiac death, congestive failure, cocaine intoxication, fetal distress, space sickness and physiologic aging. These conditions are associated with a loss of the normal fractal complexity of interbeat interval dynamics. Such changes, which may not be detectable using conventional statistics, can be quantified using new methods derived from "chaos theory."
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            Noninvasive assessment of baroreflex control in borderline hypertension. Comparison with the phenylephrine method.

            In this study, we examined the sensitivity of two recently developed noninvasive baroreflex measurement techniques to assess baroreflex control in hypertension. We assessed baroreflex sensitivity noninvasively from covariations of systolic pressure and RR interval using spectral analysis and sequence detection. The noninvasive estimates of baroreflex control were compared with estimates derived from phenylephrine-induced increases in systolic pressure and RR interval in normotensive subjects (n = 27) and borderline hypertensive subjects (n = 15). Baroreflex sensitivity was significantly reduced in the borderline hypertensive group relative to the normotensive group when assessed with the use of either the noninvasive or invasive methods to index baroreflex control. In addition, estimates obtained from the noninvasive methods were significantly correlated with baroreflex sensitivity assessed with the phenylephrine method (spectral: r = .48, P < .001; sequence: r = .50, P < .001). These findings suggest that spectral analysis and the sequence method provide viable alternatives to the pharmacological approach for estimation of baroreflex sensitivity in hypertension.
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              Behavioral Modulation Patterns Fit an Animal Model of Vagus-Cardiac Pacemaker Interactions

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Psychophysiology
                Wiley
                00485772
                November 1997
                November 1997
                January 30 2007
                : 34
                : 6
                : 623-648
                Article
                10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x
                9401419
                b42a363c-5891-4e4f-90c0-66201b068623
                © 2007

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions

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