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      Nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions and their applications

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          Abstract

          Pickering emulsion, which is an emulsion stabilized by solid particles, offers a wide range of potential applications because it generally provides a more stable system than surfactant-stabilized emulsion. Among various solid stabilizers, nanocellulose may open up new opportunities for future Pickering emulsions owing to its unique nanosizes, amphiphilicity, and other favorable properties (e.g. chemical stability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability). In this review, the preparation and properties of nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions are summarized. We also provide future perspectives on their applications, such as drug delivery, food, and composite materials.

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          CXCVI.—Emulsions

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            Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction

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              Graphene oxide sheets at interfaces.

              Graphite oxide sheet, now called graphene oxide (GO), is the product of chemical exfoliation of graphite and has been known for more than a century. GO has been largely viewed as hydrophilic, presumably due to its excellent colloidal stability in water. Here we report that GO is an amphiphile with hydrophilic edges and a more hydrophobic basal plane. GO can act like a surfactant, as measured by its ability to adsorb on interfaces and lower the surface or interfacial tension. Since the degree of ionization of the edge -COOH groups is affected by pH, GO's amphiphilicity can be tuned by pH. In addition, size-dependent amphiphilicity of GO sheets is observed. Since each GO sheet is a single molecule as well as a colloidal particle, the molecule-colloid duality makes it behave like both a molecular and a colloidal surfactant. For example, GO is capable of creating highly stable Pickering emulsions of organic solvents like solid particles. It can also act as a molecular dispersing agent to process insoluble materials such as graphite and carbon nanotubes in water. The ease of its conversion to chemically modified graphene could enable new opportunities in solution processing of functional materials.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Technol Adv Mater
                Sci Technol Adv Mater
                TSTA
                tsta20
                Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
                Taylor & Francis
                1468-6996
                1878-5514
                2017
                23 November 2017
                : 18
                : 1
                : 959-971
                Affiliations
                [ a ] Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: fujisawas@ 123456ffpri.affrc.go.jp
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-6781
                Article
                1401423
                10.1080/14686996.2017.1401423
                5784314
                29383046
                b61cd409-073e-4bdc-9cb8-27404168352f
                © 2017 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 03 August 2017
                : 02 November 2017
                : 02 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 1, Equations: 1, References: 108, Pages: 13
                Categories
                Review Article
                Focus on Nanocellulose-based Materials

                pickering emulsion,nanocellulose,double emulsion,surface modification,20 organic and soft materials (colloids, liquid crystals, gel, polymers),212 surface and interfaces

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