A series of damping composites were prepared by adding 4,4′-Methylene-bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) (AO 4426) to a mixture of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a mass ratio of 80:20. The damping properties and molecular structure of the composites were measured, characterized and analyzed by means of DMTA, DSC and FT-IR. The results show that there is only one damping peak in the PVA/CPE composite. However, a new damping peak appeared above the glass transition temperature of CPE with the addition of AO 4426 because of phase separation which caused by the aggregation of AO 4426 microcrystal under the action of hydroxyl hydrogen bonds. The corresponding temperature of this new damping peak is determined by glass transition temperature of AO 4426. Fourier infrared spectrum show aromatic ether and aromatic ester formed by dehydration between PVA and AO 4426.