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      Biomasa de Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo como materia prima para la producción de bioetanol Translated title: Biomass of Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo as raw material for bioethanol production

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          Abstract

          Resumen La evaluación de pastos de crecimiento rápido y rendimiento alto de biomasa ha aumentado en el mundo porque son cultivos energéticos potenciales para producir bioetanol de segunda generación. En México se inician estudios en pastos con producción alta de biomasa para usarlos en la producción de biocombustibles. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la biomasa de Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo, como materia prima para la producción de bioetanol. La producción anual de biomasa, el poder calorífico, la composición química, el análisis inmediato y el rendimiento teórico de bioetanol se determinaron en seis frecuencias de corte (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 y 180 d después del rebrote). Los datos se analizaron mediante el procedimiento GLM (SAS) y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤0.05). El contenido mayor de hemicelulosas y celulosa (p≤0.05) fue 30.1 y 44.1 % a los 60 y 150 d del corte. El contenido menor de lignina (p≤0.05) fue 16.2 % a los 60 d del corte. El contenido mayor de cenizas y proteína (p≤0.05) fue 9 y 8%,y a los 30 d del corte. El poder calorífico no difirió entre frecuencias de corte (p≤0.05). Con 180 d de frecuencia de corte se acumuló cantidad mayor (p≤0.05) de biomasa (27.95 Mg ha-1 año-1), el porcentaje mayor de holocelulosa (73.6 %) y el rendimiento mayor de bioetanol (281.3 L Mg materia seca). Las características químicas y el rendimiento de biomasa destacan el potencial de U. brizantha para producir bioetanol en áreas tropicales.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Evaluation of fast-growing and high biomass-yieldinggrasses has increased worldwide because they are potential energy crops for the production of second-generation bioethanol. In Mexico, studies on high biomass-producing grasses have begun with the aim of using them for biofuel production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass of Urochloa brizantha cv. Toledo as raw material for bioethanol production. Yearly biomass production, calorific power, chemical composition, immediate analysis and theoretical bioethanol yield were determined for six cutting frequencies (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 d after regrowth). The data were analyzed with GLM (SAS) and treatments means were compared with the Tukey test (p≤0.05). The highest content of hemicellulose and cellulose (p≤0.05) was 30.1 and 44.1 % at the frequencies of 60 and 150 d. The lowest content of lignin (p≤0.05) was 16.2 % at 60 d. The highest contents of ash and protein (p≤0.05) was 9 and 8 % at 30-d. Calorific power did not differ (p≤0.05) between cuttings. With 180 days cutting frequency, the highest quantity (p≤0.05) of biomass (27.95 Mg ha-1 year-1), the largest percentage of holocellulose (73.6 %) and the highest yield of bioethanol (281.3 L Mg dry matter) accumulated. The chemical characteristics and yield of biomass underline the potential of U. brizantha for production of bioethanol in tropical areas.

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          Most cited references37

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          Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review

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            Energy production from biomass (Part 1): Overview of biomass.

            The use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary, if we are to achieve the changes required to address the impacts of global warming. Biomass is the most common form of renewable energy, widely used in the third world but until recently, less so in the Western world. Latterly much attention has been focused on identifying suitable biomass species, which can provide high-energy outputs, to replace conventional fossil fuel energy sources. The type of biomass required is largely determined by the energy conversion process and the form in which the energy is required. In the first of three papers, the background to biomass production (in a European climate) and plant properties is examined. In the second paper, energy conversion technologies are reviewed, with emphasis on the production of a gaseous fuel to supplement the gas derived from the landfilling of organic wastes (landfill gas) and used in gas engines to generate electricity. The potential of a restored landfill site to act as a biomass source, providing fuel to supplement landfill gas-fuelled power stations, is examined, together with a comparison of the economics of power production from purpose-grown biomass versus waste-biomass. The third paper considers particular gasification technologies and their potential for biomass gasification.
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              Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass.

              Perennial herbaceous plants such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are being evaluated as cellulosic bioenergy crops. Two major concerns have been the net energy efficiency and economic feasibility of switchgrass and similar crops. All previous energy analyses have been based on data from research plots (<5 m2) and estimated inputs. We managed switchgrass as a biomass energy crop in field trials of 3-9 ha (1 ha = 10,000 m2) on marginal cropland on 10 farms across a wide precipitation and temperature gradient in the midcontinental U.S. to determine net energy and economic costs based on known farm inputs and harvested yields. In this report, we summarize the agricultural energy input costs, biomass yield, estimated ethanol output, greenhouse gas emissions, and net energy results. Annual biomass yields of established fields averaged 5.2-11.1 Mg x ha(-1) with a resulting average estimated net energy yield (NEY) of 60 GJ x ha(-1) x y(-1). Switchgrass produced 540% more renewable than nonrenewable energy consumed. Switchgrass monocultures managed for high yield produced 93% more biomass yield and an equivalent estimated NEY than previous estimates from human-made prairies that received low agricultural inputs. Estimated average greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cellulosic ethanol derived from switchgrass were 94% lower than estimated GHG from gasoline. This is a baseline study that represents the genetic material and agronomic technology available for switchgrass production in 2000 and 2001, when the fields were planted. Improved genetics and agronomics may further enhance energy sustainability and biofuel yield of switchgrass.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agro
                Agrociencia
                Agrociencia
                Colegio de Postgraduados (México, DF, Mexico )
                1405-3195
                September 2016
                : 50
                : 6
                : 711-726
                Affiliations
                [3] Veracruz orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias México
                [1] Montecillo, Texcoco orgnameColegio de Postgraduados Mexico hernan@ 123456colpos.mx
                [2] Puebla orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias México
                Article
                S1405-31952016000600711
                b85a5d38-0609-4441-8f0f-4ef2779205c5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 March 2016
                : 01 May 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                bioethanol,chemical composition,immediate analysis,calorific power,Urochloa brizantha,bioetanol,composición química,análisis inmediato,poder calorífico

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