The Desaturase Gene Family is Crucially Required for Fatty Acid Metabolism and Survival of the Brown Planthopper,  Nilaparvata lugens

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Abstract

Desaturases are essentially required for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. We identified 10 genes encoding putative desaturases in the transcriptome database of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. These include eight First Desaturase family genes, one cytochrome b5 fused desaturase gene ( Nlug-Cytb5r) and one Sphingolipid Desaturase gene ( Nlug-ifc). Transcript level profiling revealed significant variation in the expression patterns of these genes across tissues and developmental stages, which occur in a gene-specific manner. Interestingly, their expression was also modulated by the insect food source: the mRNA levels of Nlug-desatC and Nlug-Cytb5r were down-regulated, but the expression level of Nlug-desatA1-b and Nlug-desatA1-c were elevated in the BPH fed on the resistant rice variety Babawee as compared to the non-resistant variety Taichun Native 1 (TN1). Silencing Nlug-desatA1-b, Nlug-desatA1-c, or Nlug-Ifc reduced fatty acid composition and abundance in female BPH 1-d-old-adults compared to controls. Whereas, single knockdown of all ten desaturase genes significantly increased mortality of BPH nymphs compared with controls. Of the ten desaturase genes, knockdown of Nlug-desatA1-b and Nlug-desatA2 caused the highest mortality in BPH (91% and 97%, respectively). Our findings offer a base for expression and functional characterization of newly identified desaturase genes in BPH, and may contribute to RNA interference-based pest management strategies.

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Most cited references 49

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Lipid landscapes and pipelines in membrane homeostasis.

Joost Holthuis, Anant K. Menon (2014)

The lipid composition of cellular organelles is tailored to suit their specialized tasks. A fundamental transition in the lipid landscape divides the secretory pathway in early and late membrane territories, allowing an adaptation from biogenic to barrier functions. Defending the contrasting features of these territories against erosion by vesicular traffic poses a major logistical problem. To this end, cells evolved a network of lipid composition sensors and pipelines along which lipids are moved by non-vesicular mechanisms. We review recent insights into the molecular basis of this regulatory network and consider examples in which malfunction of its components leads to system failure and disease.

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Estimating the tempo and mode of gene family evolution from comparative genomic data.

Chi Nguyen Thi Thanh, Martin Hahn, Nello Cristianini … (2005)

Comparison of whole genomes has revealed that changes in the size of gene families among organisms is quite common. However, there are as yet no models of gene family evolution that make it possible to estimate ancestral states or to infer upon which lineages gene families have contracted or expanded. In addition, large differences in family size have generally been attributed to the effects of natural selection, without a strong statistical basis for these conclusions. Here we use a model of stochastic birth and death for gene family evolution and show that it can be efficiently applied to multispecies genome comparisons. This model takes into account the lengths of branches on phylogenetic trees, as well as duplication and deletion rates, and hence provides expectations for divergence in gene family size among lineages. The model offers both the opportunity to identify large-scale patterns in genome evolution and the ability to make stronger inferences regarding the role of natural selection in gene family expansion or contraction. We apply our method to data from the genomes of five yeast species to show its applicability.

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The role of alterations in membrane lipid composition in enabling physiological adaptation of organisms to their physical environment.

J W Hazel, Nathalie E. Williams (1989)

It is clear from the literature reviewed that modifications in membrane lipid composition play a major role in the adaptation of diverse organisms to specific environments and physiological circumstances. Acyl chain and molecular species restructuring in phospholipids are the most ubiquitous adaptations to environmental insult, being implicated in membrane adjustments to temperature, pressure, water activity, pH and salinity. In contrast, other adaptations (e.g. modulation of anionic phospholipids (salinity adaptation), trehalose content (dehydration) and the PC/PE ratio (temperature acclimation] appear to be more context specific. Although the volume of correlative data relating membrane composition to environmental state is impressive, several questions must be explicitly addressed in future research if a mechanistic understanding of the role of lipids in fine tuning membrane function is to be achieved. These include: (1) Adaptation thresholds--How much environmental variation is required before an acclimatory response is initiated, and is the extent of membrane perturbation induced by such minimally effective stimuli similar for different stress vectors? Interspecific comparisons of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase of fish collected at different depths indicate that species must be separated in depth by a distance corresponding to a pressure difference of 20 MPa before pressure adaptation is evident. Assuming a dT/dP value of 0.23 (Table 1), a 20 MPa change in pressure corresponds to ca. a 5 degrees C change in temperature, which agrees well with the minimal temperature change required to elicit changes in the lipid composition of plasma membranes in kidney tissue of thermally-acclimating trout. A pressure of 20 MPa also corresponds approximately to the maximum depth from which deep sea animals survive being brought to the surface. Collectively, these observations suggest that the minimally effective stimuli for both temperature and pressure adaptation are similar. Comparable data are not available for other environmental variables. (2) Signal transduction--What signals are being sensed and how are they transduced into an adaptational response? In some cases, it is clear that the enzymes of lipid metabolism respond directly (either by a variation in catalytic rate or substrate preference) to variations in the physical environment in an apparently adaptive manner (e.g. refer Sections VI.A.1 and VI.B.2). It seems unlikely, however, that such direct effects can explain the totality of the adaptive capacity of organisms, especially given the evidence for the induction of desaturase synthesis in cold adaptation (refer to Section VI.A.2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 19 March 2019

Publication date Collection: March 2019

Volume: 20

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 1369

Affiliations

[1 ]State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; tsengchiamei@ 123456163.com (J.-m.Z.); wenfeng.ye@ 123456unine.ch (W.-f.Y.); alinoman@ 123456gcuf.edu.pk (A.N.)

[2 ]Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland

[3 ]Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan

[4 ]Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland; ricardo.machado@ 123456ips.unibe.ch

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: yglou@ 123456zju.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-571-88982622

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Jia-mei Zeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5714-7586

Ali Noman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-199X

Ricardo A.R. Machado https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7624-1105

Yong-gen Lou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-6134

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-20-01369

DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061369

PMC ID: 6472150

PubMed ID: 30893760

SO-VID: b85bdcad-7629-4b2d-857d-1aea812c6318

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

The Desaturase Gene Family is Crucially Required for Fatty Acid Metabolism and Survival of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

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Most cited references 49

Lipid landscapes and pipelines in membrane homeostasis.

Estimating the tempo and mode of gene family evolution from comparative genomic data.

The role of alterations in membrane lipid composition in enabling physiological adaptation of organisms to their physical environment.

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