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Abstract
We review efforts to produce microfabricated glucose sensors and closed-loop insulin
delivery systems. These devices function due to the swelling and shrinking of glucose-sensitive
microgels that are incorporated into silicon-based microdevices. The glucose response
of the hydrogel is due to incorporated phenylboronic acid (PBA) side chains. It is
shown that in the presence of glucose, these polymers alter their swelling properties,
either by ionization or by formation of glucose-mediated reversible crosslinks. Swelling
pressures impinge on microdevice structures, leading either to a change in resonant
frequency of a microcircuit, or valving action. Potential areas for future development
and improvement are described. Finally, an asymmetric nano-microporous membrane, which
may be integrated with the glucose-sensitive devices, is described. This membrane,
formed using photolithography and block polymer assembly techniques, can be functionalized
to enhance its biocompatibility and solute size selectivity. The work described here
features the interplay of design considerations at the supramolecular, nano, and micro
scales.