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      Anti-Inflammatory Cembranoids from the Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum

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          Abstract

          Cembrane-type diterpenoids are among the most frequently encountered natural products from the soft corals of the genus Lobophytum. In the course of our investigation to identify anti-inflammatory constituents from a wild-type soft coral Lobophytum crassum, two new cembranoids, lobophyolide A ( 1) and B ( 2), along with five known compounds ( 3– 7), were isolated. The structures of these natural products were identified using NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 was found to possess the first identified α-epoxylactone group among all cembrane-type diterpenoids. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of compounds 1– 5 was evaluated. The results showed that compounds 1– 5 not only reduced IL-12 release, but also attenuated NO production in LPS-activated dendritic cells. Our data indicated that the isolated series of cembrane-type diterpenoids demonstrated interesting structural features and anti-inflammatory activity which could be further developed into therapeutic entities.

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          Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory cembranoids from the soft coral Lobophytum crassum.

          Chih-kai Chao, Hsiao-Fong Yeh, Jyh-Horng Sheu … (2008)
          Five new cembranoids, namely, crassumolides A and B and D-F (1 and 2 and 4-6), along with four known metabolites, 7-10, were isolated from the soft coral Lobophytum crassum. Crassumolide C (3) was isolated for the first time from a natural source. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison of the NMR data with those of known analogues. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was determined using the modified Mosher's method. Chemical transformation of 7 into the corresponding methyl ester 3 revealed the absolute stereochemistry of 3. Compounds 1, 3, and 7 were cytotoxic toward Ca9-22 cancer cells, and 10 was broadly cytotoxic toward all six test cancer cell lines used. Compounds 1, 3, 7, and 10 were found to inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory proteins iNOS and COX-2 at 10 μM.
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            Chemical Defences in Soft Corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Great Barrier Reef: A Study of Comparative Toxicities

            JC Coll, WT Williams, PW Sammarco … (1982)
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              Kaempferol from Semen cuscutae attenuates the immune function of dendritic cells.

              Hsin Cheng, Heng-Liang Liu, Meng-Tse Lee … (2011)
              Dendritic cells (DCs) are the critical leukocytes in regulating immune responses. Accordingly, DCs are the major target in the development of immunomodulators. In this study, we examined the effect of Semen cuscutae (SC), an important traditional Chinese medicine, on mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. We found that the n-butanol and methanol extracts of SC significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated DC activation. Several flavonoids were verified in the extracts using HPLC, and then kaempferol was identified as the major flavonoid in the methanol fraction of SC. Kaempferol was able to reduce cytokines and chemokines produced by LPS-stimulated DCs, and this reduction was not due to its cytotoxicity on DCs. In addition, DC maturation was impaired by kaempferol. Furthermore, kaempferol abrogated the ability of LPS-stimulated DCs to promote Ag-specific T cell activation, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we show for the first time that SC exhibits an immunosuppressive effect on DCs and that the active ingredient kaempferol attenuates DC function, which suggests that kaempferol has potential in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): marinedrugs
                Title: Marine Drugs
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-3397
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 October 2017
                Publication date Collection: October 2017
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 327
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; mos19880822@ 123456gmail.com (K.-H.L.); joy5852030@ 123456gmail.com (W.-J.Y.); liao771107@ 123456gmail.com (Z.-J.L.)
                [2 ]Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
                [3 ]Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan; lincc@ 123456dragon.nchu.edu.tw
                [4 ]Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; mohamed.elshazly@ 123456pharma.asu.edu.eg
                [5 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11432, Egypt
                [6 ]Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
                [7 ]Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: x2219@ 123456nmmba.gov.tw ; Tel.: +886-8-882-5001 (ext. 1326)
                Article
                Publisher ID: marinedrugs-15-00327
                DOI: 10.3390/md15100327
                PMC ID: 5666433
                PubMed ID: 29065512
                SO-VID: c03781a7-3db9-43b3-8110-53f9b84c7b3a
                Copyright © © 2017 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 26 September 2017
                Date accepted : 20 October 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: lobophyolides,α-epoxylactone group,cembranoids,il-12 production,no release
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: lobophyolides, α-epoxylactone group, cembranoids, il-12 production, no release

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