Conjugated Linoleic Acid Stimulates Apoptosis in RH and Tehran Strains of Toxoplasma gondii, in Vitro

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Abstract

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on apoptosis of tachyzoites of T. gondii, RH strain (type I) and the cyst-forming Tehran strain (type II) in vitro.

Methods:

Toxoplasma strains were injected into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. The Tehran strain forms cysts in the brain of mice. Bradyzoites within the cysts are reactivated to proliferative tachyzoites, by dexamethasone. Tachyzoites were aspirated from the peritoneum of infected mice, and the percentage of viable parasites was estimated with trypan blue staining. Tachyzoites were inoculated into HeLa cells cultivated in DMEM medium. Different concentrations of CLA were evaluated on T. gondii in HeLa cells by the tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Differentiation between apoptosis and cell death was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. The statistical analysis performed by GraphPad Prism version 6.00.

Results:

CLA induces apoptosis in virulent (RH) and avirulent (Tehran) strains of T. gondii. The results of MTT indicated that CLA could decrease the proliferation of tachyzoites of both strains in HeLa cells.

Conclusion:

Conjugated linoleic acid has anti-toxoplasmacidal activity on tachyzoites of T. gondii. Therefore, we recommended further studies on this component in order to achieve a new drug against the parasite.

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Most cited references 19

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Cell sensitivity assays: the MTT assay.

Johan van Meerloo, Gertjan Kaspers, Jacqueline Cloos (2011)

The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay is based on the conversion of MTT into formazan crystals by living cells, which determines mitochondrial activity. Since for most cell populations the total mitochondrial activity is related to the number of viable cells, this assay is broadly used to measure the in vitro cytotoxic effects of drugs on cell lines or primary patient cells. In this chapter the protocol of the assay is described including important considerations relevant for each step of the assay as well as its limitations and possible applications.

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Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans

JP DUBEY, J.P. DUBEY, J.P. Dubey … (2010)

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Prevention of toxoplasmosis in transplant patients.

F Derouin, H. Pelloux (2008)

Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection that affects haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Its incidence in these patients is closely related to the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the general population, which is high in Europe. In SOT recipients, toxoplasmosis results mainly from transmission of the parasite with the transplanted organ from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient. This risk is high in cases of transplantation of organs that are recognized sites of encystation of the parasite, e.g. the heart, and is markedly lower in other SOT recipients. Clinical symptoms usually occur within the first 3 months after transplantation, sometimes as early as 2 weeks post transplant, and involve febrile myocarditis, encephalitis or pneumonitis. In HSCT recipients, the major risk of toxoplasmosis results from the reactivation of a pre-transplant latent infection in seropositive recipients. The median point of disease onset is estimated at 2 months post transplant, with <10% of cases occurring before 30 days and 15-20% later than day 100. Toxoplasmosis usually manifests as encephalitis or pneumonitis, and frequently disseminates with multiple organ involvement. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is based on the demonstration of parasites or parasitic DNA in blood, bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or biopsy specimens, and serological tests do not often contribute to the diagnosis. For prevention of toxoplasmosis, serological screening of donors and recipients before transplantation allows the identification of patients at higher risk of toxoplasmosis, i.e. seropositive HSCT recipients and mismatched (seropositive donor/seronegative recipients) SOT recipients. Preventing toxoplasmosis disease in those patients presently relies on prophylaxis via prescription of co-trimoxazole.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Parasitol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Parasitol

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPA

Journal ID (pmc): IJPA

Title: Iranian Journal of Parasitology

Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 1735-7020

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-238X

Publication date (Print): Apr-Jun 2015

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Pages: 238-244

Affiliations

[1. ]Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[2. ]Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[3. ]Dept. of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[4. ]Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[5. ]Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Author notes

[* ] Correspondence Email: meamar.ar@ 123456iums.ac.ir

Article

Publisher ID: ijpa-10-238

PMC ID: 4522299

PubMed ID: 26246821

SO-VID: c13e5450-d2c9-4724-91c4-6a534eef71b6

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Stimulates Apoptosis in RH and Tehran Strains of Toxoplasma gondii, in Vitro

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Abstract

Background:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

Parasite

Most cited references 19

Cell sensitivity assays: the MTT assay.

Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans

Prevention of toxoplasmosis in transplant patients.

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