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      • Record: found
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      A role for the precuneus in thought–action fusion: Evidence from participants with significant obsessive–compulsive symptoms ☆

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Likelihood thought–action fusion (TAF-L) refers to a cognitive bias in which individuals believe that the mere thought of a negative event increases its likelihood of occurring in reality. TAF-L is most commonly associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but is also present in depression, generalized anxiety disorder and psychosis. We induced TAF-L in individuals with high (High-OC, N = 23) and low (Low-OC, N = 24) levels of OC traits, and used low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) to localise the accompanying electrical brain activity patterns. The results showed greater TAF-L in the High-OC than in the Low-OC group ( p < .005), which was accompanied by significantly greater upper beta frequency (19–30 Hz) activity in the precuneus ( p < .05). Further, the precuneus activity was positively correlated with self-reported magnitude of TAF-L ( p < .01), suggesting a specific role of this region in this cognitive bias. Results are discussed with reference to self-referential processing and the default-mode network.

          Highlights

          • •

            EEG was recorded during TAF induction with High-OC and Low-OC participants.

          • •

            High-OCs experienced greater TAF than Low-OCs.

          • •

            High-OCs exhibited greater upper beta activity than Low-OCs in the precuneus.

          • •

            Precuneus activity was positively correlated with self-reported magnitude of TAF.

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          Most cited references79

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          Searching for a baseline: functional imaging and the resting human brain.

          Debra A Gusnard, Marcus E. Raichle (2001)
          Functional brain imaging in humans has revealed task-specific increases in brain activity that are associated with various mental activities. In the same studies, mysterious, task-independent decreases have also frequently been encountered, especially when the tasks of interest have been compared with a passive state, such as simple fixation or eyes closed. These decreases have raised the possibility that there might be a baseline or resting state of brain function involving a specific set of mental operations. We explore this possibility, including the manner in which we might define a baseline and the implications of such a baseline for our understanding of brain function.
          Article 0 comments Cited 723 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Low resolution electromagnetic tomography: a new method for localizing electrical activity in the brain.

            R.D Pascual-Marqui, C.M. Michel, D. Lehmann (1994)
            This paper presents a new method for localizing the electric activity in the brain based on multichannel surface EEG recordings. In contrast to the models presented up to now the new method does not assume a limited number of dipolar point sources nor a distribution on a given known surface, but directly computes a current distribution throughout the full brain volume. In order to find a unique solution for the 3-dimensional distribution among the infinite set of different possible solutions, the method assumes that neighboring neurons are simultaneously and synchronously activated. The basic assumption rests on evidence from single cell recordings in the brain that demonstrates strong synchronization of adjacent neurons. In view of this physiological consideration the computational task is to select the smoothest of all possible 3-dimensional current distributions, a task that is a common procedure in generalized signal processing. The result is a true 3-dimensional tomography with the characteristic that localization is preserved with a certain amount of dispersion, i.e., it has a relatively low spatial resolution. The new method, which we call Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) is illustrated with two different sets of evoked potential data, the first showing the tomography of the P100 component to checkerboard stimulation of the left, right, upper and lower hemiretina, and the second showing the results for the auditory N100 component and the two cognitive components CNV and P300. A direct comparison of the tomography results with those obtained from fitting one and two dipoles illustrates that the new method provides physiologically meaningful results while dipolar solutions fail in many situations. In the case of the cognitive components, the method offers new hypotheses on the location of higher cognitive functions in the brain.
            Article 0 comments Cited 513 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Electroencephalographic signatures of attentional and cognitive default modes in spontaneous brain activity fluctuations at rest.

              H Laufs, K Krakow, P Sterzer … (2003)
              We assessed the relation between hemodynamic and electrical indices of brain function by performing simultaneous functional MRI (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) in awake subjects at rest with eyes closed. Spontaneous power fluctuations of electrical rhythms were determined for multiple discrete frequency bands, and associated fMRI signal modulations were mapped on a voxel-by-voxel basis. There was little positive correlation of localized brain activity with alpha power (8-12 Hz), but strong and widespread negative correlation in lateral frontal and parietal cortices that are known to support attentional processes. Power in a 17-23 Hz range of beta activity was positively correlated with activity in retrosplenial, temporo-parietal, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices. This set of areas has previously been characterized by high but coupled metabolism and blood flow at rest that decrease whenever subjects engage in explicit perception or action. The distributed patterns of fMRI activity that were correlated with power in different EEG bands overlapped strongly with those of functional connectivity, i.e., intrinsic covariations of regional activity at rest. This result indicates that, during resting wakefulness, and hence the absence of a task, these areas constitute separable and dynamic functional networks, and that activity in these networks is associated with distinct EEG signatures. Taken together with studies that have explicitly characterized the response properties of these distributed cortical systems, our findings may suggest that alpha oscillations signal a neural baseline with "inattention" whereas beta rhythms index spontaneous cognitive operations during conscious rest.
              Article 0 comments Cited 241 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroimage Clin
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neuroimage Clin
                Title: NeuroImage : Clinical
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2213-1582
                Publication date PMC-release: 28 November 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 November 2013
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Volume: 4
                Pages: 112-121
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
                [b ]Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, Winchester SO22 4NR, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, Sparkford Road, Winchester SO22 4NR, UK. Rhiannon.Jones@ 123456winchester.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2213-1582(13)00156-3
                DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.11.008
                PMC ID: 3871292
                PubMed ID: 24371793
                SO-VID: c20339cc-a01e-4763-a38c-3092e7b129b4
                Copyright © © 2013 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 29 August 2013
                Date revision received : 28 October 2013
                Date accepted : 18 November 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: electroencephalography,precuneus,obsessive–compulsive disorder,thought–action fusion,default mode network
                Data availability:
                Keywords: electroencephalography, precuneus, obsessive–compulsive disorder, thought–action fusion, default mode network

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