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      Arthroscopic Incomplete Rotator Cuff Repair With Patch Augmentation Using Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft

      brief-report
      , M.D., , M.D., , M.D., , M.D., , M.D., , M.D., , M.D., Ph.D.
      Arthroscopy Techniques
      Elsevier

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          Abstract

          Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has been shown promising clinical outcomes. However, large to massive rotator cuff tears are difficult to completely repair with appropriate tension because of their size or poor tissue quality. An incomplete repair using the “hybrid technique” is one of way to solve this problem by maximizing the contact area between the tendon and the footprint of greater tuberosity. Additionally, the acellular dermal matrix patch augmentation has emerged as an adjuvant technique to enhance the biomechanical properties to promote healing of the repaired construct. This Technical Note describes arthroscopic incomplete rotator cuff repair using the “hybrid technique” with acellular dermal matrix patch augmentation.

          Technique Video

          Video 1

          An arthroscopic, outside view and schematic image of the right shoulder revealing the incomplete rotator cuff repair with patch augmentation using acellular dermal matrix allograft in a 70-year-old patient.

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          Most cited references30

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          A prospective, randomized evaluation of acellular human dermal matrix augmentation for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

          To prospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of arthroscopic acellular human dermal matrix augmentation of large rotator cuff tear repairs.
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            Commercial extracellular matrix scaffolds for rotator cuff tendon repair. Biomechanical, biochemical, and cellular properties.

            We are not aware of any in vitro study comparing the biomechanical, biochemical, and cellular properties of commercial extracellular matrix materials marketed for rotator cuff tendon repair. In this study, the properties of GraftJacket, TissueMend, Restore, and CuffPatch were quantified and compared with each other. The elastic moduli were also compared with that of normal canine infraspinatus tendon. Samples were tested from different manufacturing lots of four materials: GraftJacket (ten lots), TissueMend (six), Restore (ten), and CuffPatch (six). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare thickness, stiffness, and modulus as well as hydroxyproline, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan, and DNA contents among these matrices. The moduli of the extracellular matrices were also compared with those of normal canine infraspinatus tendon. All four extracellular matrices required 10% to 30% stretch before they began to carry substantial load. Their maximum moduli were realized in their linear region at 30% to 80% strain. The elastic moduli of all four commercial matrices were an order of magnitude lower than that of canine infraspinatus tendon. TissueMend had significantly higher DNA content than the other three matrices (p<0.0001), although both Restore and GraftJacket also had measurable amounts of DNA. Our data demonstrate chemical and mechanical differences among the four commercial extracellular matrices that we evaluated. Probably, the source (dermis or small intestine submucosa), species (human, porcine, or bovine), age of the donor (fetal or adult), and processing of these matrices all contribute to the unique biophysical properties of the delivered product. The biochemical composition of commercial extracellular matrices is similar to that of tendon. However, the elastic moduli of these materials are an order of magnitude lower than that of tendon, suggesting a limited mechanical role in augmentation of tendon repair.
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              Rotator cuff integrity after arthroscopic repair for large tears with less-than-optimal footprint coverage.

              The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and healing status of rotator cuff repairs with less than 50% footprint coverage. During the 18-month period from October 2005 to March 2007, 89 large to massive rotator cuff tears were arthroscopically repaired. Among them, 23 consecutive large to massive rotator cuff tears were repaired completely but with less than 50% of the original footprint. All tears were arthroscopically repaired with suture anchors. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments were performed with the Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and pain visual analog scale. The healing status of repaired tendon was evaluated by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging with a focus on tendon integrity, muscle fatty degeneration, and muscle atrophy. The mean follow-up period was 30.2 months (range, 24 to 41 months). At final follow-up visits, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, and score on pain visual analog scale were found to have improved significantly from 40.1, 35.9, and 57.7 to 82.4, 86.6, and 12.3, respectively (P < .01). The overall retear rate was 45.5% (10 cases). However, clinical results showed no difference between the retear group and no retear group. Furthermore, rerupture size was smaller than original tear size in all 10 patients, and no significant progression of fatty degeneration or muscle atrophy of rotator cuff muscles was observed. Less-than-optimal coverage of the original greater tuberosity footprint during arthroscopic repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears was found to be associated with a relatively high retear rate (45.5%). However, clinical results improved significantly, and no significant difference was observed in the clinical results between the retear and no retear groups. Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Arthrosc Tech
                Arthrosc Tech
                Arthroscopy Techniques
                Elsevier
                2212-6287
                13 November 2023
                December 2023
                13 November 2023
                : 12
                : 12
                : e2203-e2209
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                []Address correspondence to Jae Chul Yoo, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, 06351 Seoul, Republic of Korea. shoulderyoo@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2212-6287(23)00240-2
                10.1016/j.eats.2023.07.050
                10772997
                c2b8f940-8972-4bd6-94e7-1aaa9ef9b526
                © 2023 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 30 May 2023
                : 29 July 2023
                Categories
                Technical Note

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