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      BMP-6 in renal cell carcinoma promotes tumor proliferation through IL-10-dependent M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.

      Cancer research
      Animals, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6, genetics, metabolism, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, pathology, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, drug effects, Clodronic Acid, pharmacology, Doxycycline, Humans, Immunoblotting, Interleukin-10, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Kidney Neoplasms, Macrophages, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Knockout, Microscopy, Fluorescence, RNA Interference, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Smad5 Protein, Tumor Burden

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          Abstract

          Dysregulated bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) may contribute to the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we report that BMP-6 promotes the growth of RCC by interleukin (IL)-10-mediated M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). BMP-6-mediated IL-10 expression in macrophages required Smad5 and STAT3. In human RCC specimens, the three-marker signature BMP-6/IL-10/CD68 was associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, patients with elevated IL-10 serum levels had worse outcome after surgery. Together, our results suggest that BMP-6/macrophage/IL-10 regulates M2 polarization of TAMs in RCC. ©2013 AACR.

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