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      Damage To Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Affects Tradeoffs Between Honesty And Self-Interest

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          Abstract

          Substantial correlational evidence exists suggesting a critical role for prefrontal regions in honest and dishonest behavior, but causal evidence specifying the nature of this involvement remains absent. Here we show using the lesion method that damage to the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) decreased the effect of honesty concerns on behavior in economic games that pit honesty motives against self-interest, but did not affect decisions where honesty concerns were absent. These results point to a causal role for DLPFC in enabling honest behavior.

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          Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system.

          Todd A. Hare, Colin F Camerer, Antonio Rangel (2009)
          Every day, individuals make dozens of choices between an alternative with higher overall value and a more tempting but ultimately inferior option. Optimal decision-making requires self-control. We propose two hypotheses about the neurobiology of self-control: (i) Goal-directed decisions have their basis in a common value signal encoded in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and (ii) exercising self-control involves the modulation of this value signal by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to monitor brain activity while dieters engaged in real decisions about food consumption. Activity in vmPFC was correlated with goal values regardless of the amount of self-control. It incorporated both taste and health in self-controllers but only taste in non-self-controllers. Activity in DLPFC increased when subjects exercised self-control and correlated with activity in vmPFC.
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            Stereotaxic display of brain lesions.

            Chris Rorden, Matthew Brett (2000)
            Traditionally lesion location has been reported using standard templates, text based descriptions or representative raw slices from the patient's CT or MRI scan. Each of these methods has drawbacks for the display of neuroanatomical data. One solution is to display MRI scans in the same stereotaxic space popular with researchers working in functional neuroimaging. Presenting brains in this format is useful as the slices correspond to the standard anatomical atlases used by neuroimagers. In addition, lesion position and volume are directly comparable across patients. This article describes freely available software for presenting stereotaxically aligned patient scans. This article focuses on MRI scans, but many of these tools are also applicable to other modalities (e.g. CT, PET and SPECT). We suggest that this technique of presenting lesions in terms of images normalized to standard stereotaxic space should become the standard for neuropsychological studies.
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              Breakdown of functional connectivity in frontoparietal networks underlies behavioral deficits in spatial neglect.

              Biyu J. He, Abraham Snyder, Justin L. Vincent … (2007)
              Spatial neglect is a syndrome following stroke manifesting attentional deficits in perceiving and responding to stimuli in the contralesional field. We examined brain network integrity in patients with neglect by measuring coherent fluctuations of fMRI signals (functional connectivity). Connectivity in two largely separate attention networks located in dorsal and ventral frontoparietal areas was assessed at both acute and chronic stages of recovery. Connectivity in the ventral network, part of which directly lesioned, was diffusely disrupted and showed no recovery. In the structurally intact dorsal network, interhemispheric connectivity in posterior parietal cortex was acutely disrupted but fully recovered. This acute disruption, and disrupted connectivity in specific pathways in the ventral network, strongly correlated with impaired attentional processing across subjects. Lastly, disconnection of the white matter tracts connecting frontal and parietal cortices was associated with more severe neglect and more disrupted functional connectivity. These findings support a network view in understanding neglect.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 9809671
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 21092
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Neurosci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat. Neurosci.
                Title: Nature neuroscience
                ISSN (Print): 1097-6256
                ISSN (Electronic): 1546-1726
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 5 August 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 August 2014
                Publication date (Print): October 2014
                Publication date PMC-release: 01 April 2015
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 1319-1321
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016
                [2 ]Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720
                [3 ]Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
                [4 ]Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720
                [5 ]Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720
                [6 ]Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
                [7 ]Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016
                [8 ]Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: mhsu@ 123456haas.berkeley.edu
                Article
                Manuscript ID: NIHMS618165
                DOI: 10.1038/nn.3798
                PMC ID: 4177007
                PubMed ID: 25174003
                SO-VID: c83b05b5-0b6f-47c8-ae5c-a3e838987d60
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences

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