Antiviral and Antioxidant Properties of Echinochrome A

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro antioxidant and antiviral activities of echinochrome A and echinochrome-based antioxidant composition against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The antioxidant composition, which is a mixture of echinochrome A, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol (5:5:1), showed higher antioxidant and antiviral effects than echinochrome A. We suppose that echinochrome A and its composition can both directly affect virus particles and indirectly enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms in the hosting cell. The obtained results allow considering the echinochrome A and the composition of antioxidants on its basis as the promising agents with the both antioxidant and antiviral activities.

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Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for treatment of Parkinson's disease: preclinical and clinical outcomes.

Huajun Jin, Kuntal A. Ghosh, Balaraman Kalyanaraman … (2014)

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and no cure or disease-modifying therapies exist. Several lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have a central role in the dopaminergic neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease. In this context, mitochondria-targeted therapies that improve mitochondrial function may have great promise in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and their potential beneficial effects as a therapy for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. © 2013.

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Oxidative stress during viral infection: a review.

Lisa Schwarz (1995)

The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of viral infections, an area of research that has recently gained momentum given the accumulation of evidence regarding the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Attention will be focussed on three classes of viruses: (1) RNA viruses, (2) DNA viruses, and (3) retroviruses, with particular attention to influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and HIV as representative examples of these three classes, respectively. For each type of virus, evidence for the following will be analyzed: (1) the effect of the virus on activation of phagocytic cells to release ROS and pro-oxidant cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor; (2) the effect of the virus on the pro-/antioxidant balance in host cells, including virally induced inhibition of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and virally induced increases in pro-oxidants such as nitric oxide; (3) effects of the redox state of the cell on the genetic composition of the virus as well as ROS-mediated release of host cell nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B, resulting in increased viral replication; and (4) efficacy of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in viral diseases of both animal models and patients.

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Effects of vitamin E and C supplementation on oxidative stress and viral load in HIV-infected subjects.

Irving Salit, J Chau, E Aghdassi … (1998)

The HIV-infected population is known to be oxidatively stressed and deficient in antioxidant micronutrients. Since in vitro replication of HIV is increased with oxidative stress, this study assessed the effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on lipid peroxidation, a measure of oxidative stress, and viral load in humans. A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Forty-nine HIV-positive patients were randomized to receive supplements of both DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate (800 IU daily) and vitamin C (1000 mg daily), or matched placebo, for 3 months. Plasma antioxidant micronutrient status, breath pentane output, plasma lipid peroxides, malondialdehyde and viral load were measured at baseline and at 3 months. New or recurrent infections for the 6-month period after study entry were also recorded. The vitamin group (n = 26) had an increase in plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.0005) and vitamin C (P < 0.005) and a reduction in lipid peroxidation measured by breath pentane (P < 0.025), plasma lipid peroxides (P < 0.01) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.0005) when compared with controls (n = 23). There was also a trend towards a reduction in viral load (mean +/- SD changes over 3 months, -0.45 +/- 0.39 versus +0.50 +/- 0.40 log10 copies/ml; P = 0.1; 95% confidence interval, -0.21 to -2.14). The number of infections reported was nine in the vitamin group and seven in the placebo group. Supplements of vitamin E and C reduce oxidative stress in HIV and produce a trend towards a reduction in viral load. This is worthy of larger clinical trials, especially in HIV-infected persons who cannot afford new combination therapies.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mar Drugs

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mar Drugs

Journal ID (publisher-id): marinedrugs

Title: Marine Drugs

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1660-3397

Publication date (Electronic): 15 December 2018

Publication date Collection: December 2018

Volume: 16

Issue: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 509

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[1 ]G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; mischenkonp@ 123456mail.ru (N.P.M.); vasilieva_el_an@ 123456mail.ru (E.A.V.); pislyagin@ 123456hotmail.com (E.A.P.)

[2 ]G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690087, Russia; krylovanatalya@ 123456gmail.com (N.V.K.); olga_iun@ 123456inbox.ru (O.V.I.); galinaleon41@ 123456gmail.com (G.N.L.)

[3 ]I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow 105064, Russia; v.f.lavrov@ 123456inbox.ru (V.F.L.); svitichoa@ 123456yandex.ru (O.A.S.); lina.lidze@ 123456gmail.com (L.K.E.)

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[* ]Correspondence: fedoreev-s@ 123456mail.ru ; Tel.: +7-914-651-2679

Author information

Natalia V. Krylova https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-6803

Evgeny A. Pislyagin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-0821

Olga V. Iunikhina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-582X

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Publisher ID: marinedrugs-16-00509

DOI: 10.3390/md16120509

PMC ID: 6315383

PubMed ID: 30558297

SO-VID: d07c1b21-3b88-47dd-845b-3f9cd5b531b5

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Antiviral and Antioxidant Properties of Echinochrome A

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Abstract

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Most cited references 28

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for treatment of Parkinson's disease: preclinical and clinical outcomes.

Oxidative stress during viral infection: a review.

Effects of vitamin E and C supplementation on oxidative stress and viral load in HIV-infected subjects.

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