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      Dispersal patterns of an introduced wild bee, Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in European alpine countries

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          Abstract

          Biodiversity monitoring programs are the baseline of species abundancy studies, which in case of introduced species are especially critical. Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 native to Eastern-Asia, constitutes the first ever recorded wild bee species accidently introduced in Europe. Since its first discovery in 2008, M. sculpturalis has been spreading across the continent. By initiating a citizen science monitoring program, we aimed to investigate the occurrence pattern of M. sculpturalis. Within only two years after starting the project, 111 new reports from Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria were recorded. Comparably to other European countries, the population progressed remarkably fast from year to year expanding its area geographically but also ecologically by increasing its altitudinal range. The distribution pattern indicates human assisted jump-dispersal travelling on the major traffic routes of central Europe.

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          Paradox lost: genetic diversity and the success of aquatic invasions.

          There is mounting evidence that reduced genetic diversity in invasive populations is not as commonplace as expected. Recent studies indicate that high propagule vectors, such as ballast water and shellfish transplantations, and multiple introductions contribute to the elimination of founder effects in the majority of successful aquatic invasions. Multiple introductions, in particular, can promote range expansion of introduced populations through both genetic and demographic mechanisms. Closely related to vectors and corridors of introduction, propagule pressure can play an important role in determining the genetic outcome of introduction events. Even low-diversity introductions have numerous means of avoiding the negative impact of diversity loss. The interaction of high propagule vectors and multiple introductions reveal important patterns associated with invasion success and deserve closer scrutiny.
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            Distorted Views of Biodiversity: Spatial and Temporal Bias in Species Occurrence Data

            Boakes et al. compile and analyze a historical dataset of 170,000 bird sightings over two centuries and show how changing trends in data gathering may confound a true picture of biodiversity change.
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              On the shape of a set of points in the plane

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Visualization
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Resources
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Supervision
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                10 July 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 7
                : e0236042
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
                [2 ] Wildbiene + Partner AG, Zürich, Austria
                National Taiwan Normal University, TAIWAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The commercial affiliation of one of our co-authors, does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-5309
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-2928
                Article
                PONE-D-20-05784
                10.1371/journal.pone.0236042
                7351169
                32649722
                d11ba8a5-5a0a-4d2b-8ae8-88d53e741564
                © 2020 Lanner et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 28 February 2020
                : 28 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 2, Pages: 23
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001822, Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften;
                Award Recipient :
                JL is recipient of a DOC Fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Integrative Nature Conservation Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors [JL], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Arthropoda
                Insects
                Hymenoptera
                Bees
                People and places
                Geographical locations
                Europe
                European Union
                Austria
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Species Colonization
                Invasive Species
                Science Policy
                Science and Technology Workforce
                Careers in Research
                Scientists
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Professions
                Scientists
                Science Policy
                Science and Technology Workforce
                Citizen Science
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Europe
                Switzerland
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Europe
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Europe
                Liechtenstein
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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