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      Anxiety and depressive symptoms among home isolated patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study from Province One, Nepal

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          Abstract

          Home isolated patients infected with COVID-19 might be at increased risk of developing mental health problems. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among COVID-19 home isolated patients in Province One, Nepal. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between February 17, 2021, to April 9, 2021. A total of 372 home isolated patients from Province One were phone interviewed in the study. Anxiety and depression were measured using a 14-items Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the risk factors of anxiety and depression. Among home isolated COVID-19 infected participants, 74.2% and 79% had symptoms of anxiety (borderline: 48.7% and abnormal: 25.5%) and depression (borderline: 52.7% and abnormal: 26.3%), respectively. Watching television was significantly associated with lower odds of experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Females had significantly higher odds of having depression symptoms compared to males while ever married, those with COVID-19 related complications, and those taking medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of exhibiting symptoms of anxiety. A focus on improving the mental health well-being of COVID-19 infected patients in home settings with connection to the health services is warranted with timely psychological interventions.

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          The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence

          Samantha K. Brooks, Rebecca K Webster, Louise E. Smith … (2022)
          Summary The December, 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence. We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable.
          Article 0 comments Cited 5416 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science

            Emily A. Holmes, Rory C O'Connor, V. Perry … (2020)
            Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries.
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              Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey

              Yeen Huang, Ning Zhao (2020)
              Highlights • The COVID-19 outbreak significantly affects the mental health of Chinese public • During the outbreak, young people had a higher risk of anxiety than older people • Spending too much time thinking about the outbreak is harmful to mental health • Healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep
              Article 0 comments Cited 1522 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Pratik Khanal:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-5700
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Kiran Paudel:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-4133
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Suresh Mehata: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Astha Thapa: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Ramesh Bhatta:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8928-8658
                Role: Formal analysisRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Hari Krishna Bhattarai:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-9046
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Peter Bai James: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLOS Glob Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLOS Glob Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLOS Global Public Health
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2767-3375
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 September 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0001046
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
                [2 ] Nepal Health Frontiers, Tokha-5, Kathmandu, Nepal
                [3 ] Ministry of Health, Province One, Biratnagar, Nepal
                [4 ] Asian College for Advanced Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato, Lalitpur, Nepal
                [5 ] Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal
                [6 ] Program in Global Health, Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
                Southern Cross University, AUSTRALIA
                Author notes

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-5700
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-4133
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8928-8658
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-9046
                Article
                Publisher ID: PGPH-D-22-00768
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001046
                PMC ID: 10022042
                PubMed ID: 36962849
                SO-VID: d1a0925f-169d-45ac-a46b-0f93207849e4
                Copyright © © 2022 Khanal et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 4 May 2022
                Date accepted : 18 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Pages: 13
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Medical Conditions
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Viral Diseases
                Subject: Covid 19
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Subject: Mood Disorders
                Subject: Depression
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Emotions
                Subject: Anxiety
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Emotions
                Subject: Anxiety
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Epidemiology
                Subject: Pandemics
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Clinical Psychology
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Clinical Psychology
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Clinical Psychology
                Subject: Computer and Information Sciences
                Subject: Computer Networks
                Subject: Internet
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: Nepal
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All data generated in the study are included in the manuscript.
                Outbreaks COVID-19

                Data availability:

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