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      Differential Phosphoproteomics of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling: Identification of Src Family Kinase-Mediated Phosphorylation Events

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          Abstract

          Activation of signal transduction by the receptor tyrosine kinase, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), results in a cascade of protein−protein interactions that rely on the occurrence of specific tyrosine phosphorylation events. One such protein recruited to the activated receptor complex is the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Src, which is involved in both initiation and termination of further signaling events. To gain a further understanding of the tyrosine phosphorylation events that occur during FGF signaling, with a specific focus on those that are dependent on Src family kinase (SFK) activity, we have applied SILAC combined with chemical inhibition of SFK activity to search for phosphorylation events that are dependent on SFK activity in FGF stimulated cells. In addition, we used a more targeted approach to carry out high coverage phosphopeptide mapping of one Src substrate protein, the multifunctional adaptor Dok1, and to identify SFK-dependent Dok1 binding partners. From these analyses we identify 80 SFK-dependent phosphorylation events on 40 proteins. We further identify 18 SFK-dependent Dok1 interactions and 9 SFK-dependent Dok1 phosphorylation sites, 6 of which had not previously been known to be SFK-dependent.

          Abstract

          To gain a further understanding of the tyrosine phosphorylation events that occur during FGF signaling, with a specific focus on those that are dependent on Src family kinase (SFK) activity, we have applied SILAC combined with chemical inhibition of SFK activity to search for phosphorylation events that are dependent on SFK activity in FGF stimulated cells. Also, we used a targeted approach to carry out high coverage phosphopeptide mapping of one Src substrate protein, Dok1, and to identify SFK-dependent Dok1 binding partners.

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          Most cited references47

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          PhosphoSite: A bioinformatics resource dedicated to physiological protein phosphorylation.

          PhosphoSite is a curated, web-based bioinformatics resource dedicated to physiologic sites of protein phosphorylation in human and mouse. PhosphoSite is populated with information derived from published literature as well as high-throughput discovery programs. PhosphoSite provides information about the phosphorylated residue and its surrounding sequence, orthologous sites in other species, location of the site within known domains and motifs, and relevant literature references. Links are also provided to a number of external resources for protein sequences, structure, post-translational modifications and signaling pathways, as well as sources of phospho-specific antibodies and probes. As the amount of information in the underlying knowledgebase expands, users will be able to systematically search for the kinases, phosphatases, ligands, treatments, and receptors that have been shown to regulate the phosphorylation status of the sites, and pathways in which the phosphorylation sites function. As it develops into a comprehensive resource of known in vivo phosphorylation sites, we expect that PhosphoSite will be a valuable tool for researchers seeking to understand the role of intracellular signaling pathways in a wide variety of biological processes.
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            The interplay between Src family kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases.

            Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are involved in a diverse array of physiological processes, as highlighted in this review. An overview of how SFKs interact with, and participate in signaling from, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is discussed. And also, how SFKs are activated by RTKs, and how SFKs, in turn, can activate RTKs, as well as how SFKs can promote signaling from growth factor receptors in a number of ways including participation in signaling pathways required for DNA synthesis, control of receptor turnover, actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and motility, and survival are discussed.
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              Functional evolutionary history of the mouse Fgf gene family.

              Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are polypeptides with diverse activities in development and physiology. The mammalian Fgf family can be divided into the intracellular Fgf11/12/13/14 subfamily (iFGFs), the hormone-like Fgf15/21/23 subfamily (hFGFs), and the canonical Fgf subfamilies, including Fgf1/2/5, Fgf3/4/6, Fgf7/10/22, Fgf8/17/18, and Fgf9/16/20. However, all Fgfs are evolutionarily related. We propose that an Fgf13-like gene is the ancestor of the iFgf subfamily and the most likely evolutionary ancestor of the entire Fgf family. Potential ancestors of the canonical and hFgf subfamilies, Fgf4-, Fgf5-, Fgf8-, Fgf9-, Fgf10-, and Fgf15-like, appear to have derived from an Fgf13-like ancestral gene. Canonical FGFs function in a paracrine manner, while hFGFs function in an endocrine manner. We conclude that the ancestral Fgfs for these subfamilies acquired this functional diversity before the evolution of vertebrates. During the evolution of early vertebrates, the Fgf subfamilies further expanded to contain three or four members in each subfamily.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Proteome Res
                pr
                jprobs
                Journal of Proteome Research
                American Chemical Society
                1535-3893
                1535-3907
                12 March 2010
                07 May 2010
                : 9
                : 5
                : 2317-2328
                Affiliations
                School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [* ] To whom correspondence should be addressed. Prof. John K. Heath, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Telephone: +44 (0)121 414 7533. Fax: +44 (0)121 414 5925. Email: J.K.Heath@ 123456bham.ac.uk .
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                [‡]

                Cancer Research UK Growth Factor Signalling Group.

                [§]

                Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.

                Article
                10.1021/pr9010475
                2950672
                20225815
                d1ac6a65-bb69-4b0e-8a97-507e1d10e781
                Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society

                This is an open-access article distributed under the ACS AuthorChoice Terms & Conditions. Any use of this article, must conform to the terms of that license which are available at http://pubs.acs.org.

                History
                : 16 November 2009
                : 07 April 2010
                : 07 May 2010
                : 12 March 2010
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                pr9010475
                pr-2009-010475

                Molecular biology
                phosphoproteomics,phosphorylation,quantitative mass spectrometry,phosphotyrosine,phosphopeptide,src,silac,fgfr,dok1

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