The Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted CT Imaging in COVID-19 Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have become critical in support of decision-making. This systematic review summarizes all the data currently available on the AI-assisted CT-Scan prediction accuracy for COVID-19. The ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, PROSPERO, and EMBASE were systematically searched. We used the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool to assess all included studies' quality and potential bias. A hierarchical receiver-operating characteristic summary (HSROC) curve and a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve have been implemented. The area under the curve (AUC) was computed to determine the diagnostic accuracy. Finally, 36 studies (a total of 39,246 image data) were selected for inclusion into the final meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity for AI was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.90-0.91), specificity was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.90-0.92) and the AUC was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98). For deep learning (DL) method, the pooled sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.90 - 0.91), specificity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87 - 0.88) and the AUC was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93 - 0.97). In case of machine learning (ML), the pooled sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.90 - 0.91), specificity was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94 - 0.95) and the AUC was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99). AI in COVID-19 patients is useful in identifying symptoms of lung involvement. More prospective real-time trials are required to confirm AI's role for high and quick COVID-19 diagnosis due to the possible selection bias and retrospective existence of currently available studies.