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      Partial rotator cuff injury in athletes: bursal or articular? Translated title: Lesão parcial do manguito rotador no atleta bursal ou articular?

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          Abstract

          A painful shoulder is a very common complaint among athletes, especially in the case of those in sports involving throwing. Partial lesions of the rotator cuff may be very painful and cause significant functional limitation to athletes’ sports practice. The incidence of partial lesions of the cuff is variable (13–37%). It is difficult to make the clinical and radiological diagnosis, and this condition should be borne in mind in the cases of all athletes who present symptoms of rotator cuff syndrome, including in patients who are diagnosed only with tendinopathy.

          Objective

          To evaluate the epidemiological behavior of partial lesions of the rotator cuff in both amateur and professional athletes in different types of sports.

          Methods

          We evaluated 720 medical files on athletes attended at the shoulder service of the Discipline of Sports Medicine at the Sports Traumatology Center, Federal University of São Paulo. The majority of them were men (65%). Among all the patients, 83 of them were diagnosed with partial lesions of the rotator cuff, by means of ultrasonography or magnetic resonance, or in some cases using both. We applied the binomial test to compare the proportions found.

          Result

          It was observed that intra-articular lesions predominated (67.6%) and that these occurred more frequently in athletes in sports involving throwing (66%). Bursal lesions occurred in 32.4% of the athletes, predominantly in those who did muscle building (75%).

          Conclusion

          Intra-articular lesions are more frequent than bursal lesions and they occur predominantly in athletes in sports involving throwing, while bursal lesions were more prevalent in athletes who did muscle building.

          Resumo

          O ombro doloroso é uma queixa muito comum entre os atletas, especialmente no caso dos arremessadores. As lesões parciais do manguito rotador podem ser muito dolorosas e causar limitação funcional importante na pratica esportiva do atleta. A incidência das lesões parciais do manguito é variável (13% a 37%). O diagnóstico clínico e radiológico é difícil e deve ser considerado em todo atleta que apresente sintomatologia da síndrome do manguito rotador, inclusive nos pacientes diagnosticados apenas com tendinopatia.

          Objetivo

          Avaliar o comportamento epidemiológico das lesões parciais do manguito rotador nos atletas tanto amadores como profissionais de diferentes modalidades esportivas.

          Métodos

          Avaliamos 720 prontuários de atletas atendidos no serviço de ombro da disciplina de medicina esportiva no Centro de Traumatologia do Esporte da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, a maioria (65%) homens. Dentre todos, 83 pacientes foram diagnosticados com lesão parcial do manguito rotador por meio da ultrassonografia ou ressonância magnética e em alguns casos por ambas. Aplicamos o teste binomial para comparar as proporções encontradas.

          Resultado

          Verificou-se um predomínio das lesões intra-articulares (67,6%) e que essas ocorreram com maior frequência nos arremessadores (66%). Já com relação às lesões bursais, essas ocorreram em 32,4% dos atletas e predominam nos de musculação (75%).

          Conclusão

          As lesões intra-articulares são mais frequentes em relações às bursais e predominam nos atletas arremessadores, enquanto que as lesões bursais foram mais prevalentes nos atletas de musculação.

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          Most cited references85

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          Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report.

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            Accuracy of MRI, MR arthrography, and ultrasound in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears: a meta-analysis.

            The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI, MR arthrography, and ultrasound for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears through a meta-analysis of the studies in the literature. Articles reporting the sensitivities and specificities of MRI, MR arthrography, or ultrasound for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears were identified. Surgical (open and arthroscopic) reference standard was an inclusion criterion. Summary statistics were generated using pooled data. Scatterplots of the data sets were plotted on a graph of sensitivity versus (1 - specificity). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. Sixty-five articles met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. In diagnosing a full-thickness tear or a partial-thickness rotator cuff tear, MR arthrography is more sensitive and specific than either MRI or ultrasound (p 0.05). Summary ROC curves for MR arthrography, MRI, and ultrasound for all tears show the area under the ROC curve is greatest for MR arthrography (0.935), followed by ultrasound (0.889) and then MRI (0.878); however, pairwise comparisons of these curves show no significant differences between MRI and ultrasound (p > 0.05). MR arthrography is the most sensitive and specific technique for diagnosing both full- and partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Ultrasound and MRI are comparable in both sensitivity and specificity.
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              Diagnosis and treatment of incomplete rotator cuff tears.

              M Ellman (1990)
              The histopathologic changes leading to rotator cuff rupture are gradual and progressive. Incomplete tears can be observed in the articular or bursal surface. These partial lesions are infrequently demonstrated with arthrography or bursography. Although structural variations in cuff integrity can be demonstrated with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, precise definition of partial tears is difficult. The exact location and extent of incomplete tears can be documented with shoulder arthroscopy. Anterior acromioplasty, either open or arthroscopic, is indicated for the treatment of chronic mechanical impingement refractory to conservative management. When a sizable partial defect is identified at open surgery, the degenerated tissue is excised and the tendon is reattached to bone or repaired with side-to-side suture. Arthroscopic treatment consists of debridement of the torn cuff margins, followed by arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD). When the incomplete tear in an active individual involves more than one-half the cuff thickness, arthroscopic and open techniques can be combined. Twenty partial-thickness tears were encountered among 130 patients who had ASD for chronic impingement. Fifteen had a satisfactory result, but five required additional surgery. A system of grading partial-thickness tears based on location, depth, and area is presented in an effort to standardize the observations of various investigators and to permit comparison of the results of arthroscopic treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Rev Bras Ortop
                Rev Bras Ortop
                Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia
                Elsevier
                2255-4971
                02 July 2015
                Jul-Aug 2015
                02 July 2015
                : 50
                : 4
                : 416-421
                Affiliations
                [0005]Centro de Traumatologia do Esporte (CETE), Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author. cassianodiniz78@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2255-4971(15)00084-1
                10.1016/j.rboe.2015.06.009
                4563071
                26417568
                d822820c-c02e-40d4-9195-2805883741fd
                © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 24 October 2013
                : 7 July 2014
                Categories
                Original Article

                rotator cuff/injuries,bursitis,sports,resistance training,bainha rotadora/lesões,bursite,esportes,treinamento de resistência

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