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      Ambientes favoráveis para a produção de /z/, /∫/ e /ℑ/: análise e comparação das mudanças ocorridas no sistema fonológico Translated title: Favorable environments for producing /z/, /∫/ and /ℑ/: Analysis and comparison of changes occurred in the phonological system

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos da terapia fonológica, utilizando o modelo de Ciclos Modificado, e comparar a evolução de dois grupos de crianças com desvio fonológico, um em cujo tratamento foram utilizadas palavras-alvo com contextos fonológicos favoráveis e outro em que foram utilizados os contextos pouco favoráveis e neutros, na aquisição das fricativas /z/, /∫/ e /ℑ/. MÉTODO: os sujeitos foram seis crianças com desvio fonológico e idades entre 4:7 e 7:8, devidamente autorizados a participarem da pesquisa. Os mesmos foram avaliados por meio de exames fonoaudiológicos e complementares para diagnosticar o desvio fonológico. Metade das crianças foi tratada com palavras em que os fonemas /z/, /∫/ e /ℑ/ encontravam-se em ambientes favoráveis e a outra metade com ambientes pouco favoráveis e neutros. Foram realizadas oito sessões e, após estas, nova avaliação de fala foi realizada. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: mudanças ocorridas no sistema fonológico e no percentual de consoantes corretas-revisado. Para a análise dos dados aplicou-se o Teste de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: a evolução terapêutica foi estatisticamente significante para todos os sujeitos na maioria das variáveis, porém na comparação entre os grupos favorável e pouco favorável e neutro não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: a terapia resultou em evolução nos sistemas fonológicos de todos os sujeitos, porém a utilização de palavras-alvo com ambientes fonológicos favoráveis não determina melhor evolução terapêutica.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: to check the effects of phonological therapy using the Modified Cycles Model, and to compare the evolution of two groups of children with phonological disorder, one in which target-words with favorable phonological contexts were used in the treatment, and another one in which unfavorable and neutral contexts were used, in the acquisition of the fricatives /z/, /∫/ and /ℑ/. METHOD: the subjects were six children with phonological disorder aged between 4:7 and 7:8 year old, authorized to take part in the research. They were evaluated in speech-language and complementary exams in order to diagnose the phonological disorder. Half of the children were treated with words where the phonemes /z/, /∫/ and /ℑ/ were in favorable environments and the other half with the phonemes in unfavorable and neutral environments. There were eight sessions and, after that, a new speech evaluation was performed. The following variables were analyzed: changes in the phonological system and in the percentage of consonants correct-revised. Wilcoxon Test (p<0.05) was applied for analyzing the data. RESULTS: the therapeutic evolution was statistically significant for all the subjects in most variables, but there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison among the groups favorable and unfavorable and neutral. CONCLUSION: the therapy showed improvements in the phonological systems for all subjects, but the use of target-words with favorable phonological environments does not determine a better therapeutic evolution.

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          Most cited references26

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          The percentage of consonants correct (PCC) metric: extensions and reliability data.

          Research in normal and disordered phonology requires measures of speech production that are biolinguistically appropriate and psychometrically robust. Their conceptual and numeric properties must be well characterized, particularly because speech measures are increasingly appearing in large-scale epidemiologic, genetic, and other descriptive-explanatory database studies. This work provides a rationale for extensions to an articulation competence metric titled the Percentage of Consonants Correct [PCC; Shriberg & Kwiatkowski, 1982; Shriberg, Kwiatkowski, Best, Hengst, & Terselic-Weber, 1986], which is computed from a 5- to 10-minute conversational speech sample. Reliability and standard error of measurement estimates are provided for 9 of a set of 10 speech metric including the PCC. Discussion includes rationale for selecting one or more of the 10 metrics for specific clinical and research needs.
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            Habilidades em consciência fonológica em crianças de 4 a 8 anos de idade

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              Treatment efficacy: functional phonological disorders in children.

              This report addresses the efficacy of treatment for functional phonological disorders in children. The definition of phonological disorders and their incidence and prevalence are first presented. The impact of this disorder on the lives of children and the role that speech-language pathologists play in treating this disorder are then discussed. Evidence of the positive outcome of phonological treatment is reviewed, with particular emphasis on treatment procedures that have been deemed effective, the specific effects of these treatments on improving intelligibility, and comparisons between treatments in facilitating improved sound production.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcefac
                Revista CEFAC
                Rev. CEFAC
                CEFAC Saúde e Educação (São Paulo )
                1982-0216
                April 2013
                : 15
                : 2
                : 324-333
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                Article
                S1516-18462013000200008
                10.1590/s1516-18462012005000014
                da374bd8-4b12-44b9-b608-b5888d12633b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-1846&lng=en
                Categories
                REHABILITATION

                Physiotherapy
                Speech,Speech Therapy,Speech Disorders,Child,Fala,Fonoterapia,Distúrbios da Fala,Criança
                Physiotherapy
                Speech, Speech Therapy, Speech Disorders, Child, Fala, Fonoterapia, Distúrbios da Fala, Criança

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