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Self-Organized Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics: Experiments, Simulations, and Design Solutions

Author(s): Dirk Helbing , Lubos Buzna , Anders Johansson , Torsten Werner

Publication date Created: February 2005

Publication date (Print): February 2005

Journal: Transportation Science

Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)

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Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics

Péter Molnár, Dirk Helbing (1998)

It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to `social forces'. These `forces' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can be also applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: First, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion. Second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance to other pedestrians and borders. Third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion are nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.

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Self-Organizing Pedestrian Movement

Dirk Helbing, Péter Molnár, Illés J Farkas … (2001)

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Jamming of Granular Flow in a Two-Dimensional Hopper

H. Pak, Kiwing To, Pik-Yin Lai (2001)

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Transportation Science

Abbreviated Title: Transportation Science

Publisher: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)

ISSN (Print): 0041-1655

ISSN (Electronic): 1526-5447

Publication date Created: February 2005

Publication date (Print): February 2005

Volume: 39

Issue: 1

Pages: 1-24

Article

DOI: 10.1287/trsc.1040.0108

SO-VID: e3888f59-a102-4a25-b206-c93c7035d666

Copyright © © 2005

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