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      Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases from Mulberry ( Morus notabilis)

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          Abstract

          Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) is the key enzyme for carotenoid cleavage, and the products of carotenoid cleavage regulate the ability of plants to stress. In this paper, six CCD genes were obtained from Morus notabilis (Mn) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and we classified them into three subgroups based on gene structures and phylogenetic analysis. The CDS (coding sequence) regions of the six MnCCD genes were 1617, 1620, 1635, 1713, 1746, and 1791 bp in full length, encoding 538, 539, 544, 570, 581, and 596 amino acids, respectively. Then, Pcold–TF- MnCCD plasmids were constructed and independently transferred into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the MnCCD proteins were successfully expressed by prokaryotic expression with an expected molecular weight of recombinant proteins (∼120 kDa) and high solubility. These results will lay a foundation for the identification of mulberry carotenoid products.

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          Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

          Kohki Akiyama, Ken-ichi Matsuzaki, Hideo Hayashi (2005)
          Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic, symbiotic associations with the roots of more than 80% of land plants. The fungi are incapable of completing their life cycle in the absence of a host root. Their spores can germinate and grow in the absence of a host, but their hyphal growth is very limited. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern signalling and recognition between AM fungi and their host plants. In one of the first stages of host recognition, the hyphae of AM fungi show extensive branching in the vicinity of host roots before formation of the appressorium, the structure used to penetrate the plant root. Host roots are known to release signalling molecules that trigger hyphal branching, but these branching factors have not been isolated. Here we have isolated a branching factor from the root exudates of Lotus japonicus and used spectroscopic analysis and chemical synthesis to identify it as a strigolactone, 5-deoxy-strigol. Strigolactones are a group of sesquiterpene lactones, previously isolated as seed-germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. The natural strigolactones 5-deoxy-strigol, sorgolactone and strigol, and a synthetic analogue, GR24, induced extensive hyphal branching in germinating spores of the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita at very low concentrations.
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            Inhibition of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hormones.

            Mikihisa Umehara, Atsushi Hanada, Satoko Yoshida … (2008)
            Shoot branching is a major determinant of plant architecture and is highly regulated by endogenous and environmental cues. Two classes of hormones, auxin and cytokinin, have long been known to have an important involvement in controlling shoot branching. Previous studies using a series of mutants with enhanced shoot branching suggested the existence of a third class of hormone(s) that is derived from carotenoids, but its chemical identity has been unknown. Here we show that levels of strigolactones, a group of terpenoid lactones, are significantly reduced in some of the branching mutants. Furthermore, application of strigolactones inhibits shoot branching in these mutants. Strigolactones were previously found in root exudates acting as communication chemicals with parasitic weeds and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, we propose that strigolactones act as a new hormone class-or their biosynthetic precursors-in regulating above-ground plant architecture, and also have a function in underground communication with other neighbouring organisms.
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              Mycorrhizal fungi can dominate phosphate supply to plants irrespective of growth responses.

              Mark Smith, Iver Jakobsen, James Smith (2003)
              Article 0 comments Cited 102 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Dan Liu:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-9459
                Qiang Lin:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-8118
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ECAM
                Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 1741-427X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 August 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 4 August 2022
                Volume: 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4811144
                Affiliations
                Sericulture Technology Promotion Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nan Ning 530000, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Shuli Yang

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-9459
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-8118
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2022/4811144
                PMC ID: 9371844
                SO-VID: e42e60d1-c26e-48f6-af82-25846d7d31a0
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Dan Liu et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 7 May 2022
                Date accepted : 20 June 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Guangxi Science and Technology Major Special Project
                Award ID: AA19182012-2
                Funded by: Ministry of Finance
                Funded by: MARA
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

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