Tobacco cessation programs and factors associated with their effectiveness in the Middle East: A systematic review

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In Middle East countries, the average prevalence of tobacco use is relatively high. This systematic review aimed to explore different tobacco cessation programs provided in the Middle East, identify healthcare professionals providing these programs, and the factors associated with their effectiveness.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted using an electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Web of Science, bibliographic databases between 24 January 2021 and 7 March 2021, to identify all relevant studies. The keywords used were ‘tobacco cessation’ and ‘Middle East’. The review was undertaken applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA). Based on the study types, several quality assessment tools including the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials, MINORS for quasi-experimental studies, NIH for cross-sectional studies, NIH for pre-post studies, and CASP for cohort studies, were used.

RESULTS

Among the 512 studies screened, only 30 were included in this review. Our systematic review identified different cessation methods, with some employing both behavioral change and pharmacological methods, and some utilizing only one method. Physicians are believed to be the most common providers of cessation programs, with only a few other healthcare professionals doing so. The results of this review revealed that several factors are associated with the effectiveness of tobacco cessation programs in the Middle East including individual, interpersonal, community, organizational, policy, and environmental.

CONCLUSIONS

Future research should focus on examining the sociocultural and economic factors that might influence tobacco cessation programs. The included studies were of average to poor quality, highlighting the need to conduct highquality studies. The findings provide evidence to encourage the development of multilevel programs to improve the efficacy of tobacco cessation initiatives in the Middle East.

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The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J L Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2024)

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.

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Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument.

Karem Slim, Emile Nini, Damien Forestier … (2003)

Because of specific methodological difficulties in conducting randomized trials, surgical research remains dependent predominantly on observational or non-randomized studies. Few validated instruments are available to determine the methodological quality of such studies either from the reader's perspective or for the purpose of meta-analysis. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate such an instrument. After an initial conceptualization phase of a methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS), a list of 12 potential items was sent to 100 experts from different surgical specialties for evaluation and was also assessed by 10 clinical methodologists. Subsequent testing involved the assessment of inter-reviewer agreement, test-retest reliability at 2 months, internal consistency reliability and external validity. The final version of MINORS contained 12 items, the first eight being specifically for non-comparative studies. Reliability was established on the basis of good inter-reviewer agreement, high test-retest reliability by the kappa-coefficient and good internal consistency by a high Cronbach's alpha-coefficient. External validity was established in terms of the ability of MINORS to identify excellent trials. MINORS is a valid instrument designed to assess the methodological quality of non-randomized surgical studies, whether comparative or non-comparative. The next step will be to determine its external validity when used in a large number of studies and to compare it with other existing instruments.

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21st-Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States

Prabhat Jha, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Victoria Landsman … (2013)

Extrapolation from studies in the 1980s suggests that smoking causes 25% of deaths among women and men 35 to 69 years of age in the United States. Nationally representative measurements of the current risks of smoking and the benefits of cessation at various ages are unavailable. We obtained smoking and smoking-cessation histories from 113,752 women and 88,496 men 25 years of age or older who were interviewed between 1997 and 2004 in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey and related these data to the causes of deaths that occurred by December 31, 2006 (8236 deaths in women and 7479 in men). Hazard ratios for death among current smokers, as compared with those who had never smoked, were adjusted for age, educational level, adiposity, and alcohol consumption. For participants who were 25 to 79 years of age, the rate of death from any cause among current smokers was about three times that among those who had never smoked (hazard ratio for women, 3.0; 99% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 3.3; hazard ratio for men, 2.8; 99% CI, 2.4 to 3.1). Most of the excess mortality among smokers was due to neoplastic, vascular, respiratory, and other diseases that can be caused by smoking. The probability of surviving from 25 to 79 years of age was about twice as great in those who had never smoked as in current smokers (70% vs. 38% among women and 61% vs. 26% among men). Life expectancy was shortened by more than 10 years among the current smokers, as compared with those who had never smoked. Adults who had quit smoking at 25 to 34, 35 to 44, or 45 to 54 years of age gained about 10, 9, and 6 years of life, respectively, as compared with those who continued to smoke. Smokers lose at least one decade of life expectancy, as compared with those who have never smoked. Cessation before the age of 40 years reduces the risk of death associated with continued smoking by about 90%.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Tob Induc Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Tob Induc Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): TID

Title: Tobacco Induced Diseases

Publisher: European Publishing on behalf of the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases (ISPTID)

ISSN (Print): 2070-7266

ISSN (Electronic): 1617-9625

Publication date (Electronic): 03 November 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 20

Electronic Location Identifier: 84

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

Author notes

CORRESPONDENCE TO Ghadir Fakhri Al-Jayyousi. Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar. E-mail: g.aljayyousi@ 123456qu.edu.qa ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-1693

Article

Publisher ID: 93

DOI: 10.18332/tid/153972

PMC ID: 9631871

PubMed ID: 36381380

SO-VID: e47312d6-609c-4e3a-8d5c-6a65fa75f2fd

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

History

Date received : 27 May 2022

Date revision received : 23 August 2022

Date accepted : 09 September 2022

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Tobacco cessation programs and factors associated with their effectiveness in the Middle East: A systematic review

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

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Most cited references 83

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument.

21st-Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States

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