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      The bidirectional interaction between atrial fibrillation and heart failure: consequences for the management of both diseases

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          Abstract

          Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are both highly prevalent diseases and are accompanied by a significant disease burden and increased mortality. Although the conditions may exist independently, they often go hand in hand as each is able to provoke, sustain, and aggravate the other. In addition, the diseases share a risk profile with several coinciding cardiovascular risk factors, promoting the odds of developing both AF and HF separately from each other. When the diseases coexist, this provides additional challenges but also opportunities for the optimal treatment. The recommended management of the comorbidities has been much debated in the past decades. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological coherence of AF and HF, illustrate the current knowledge on the management of them as comorbidities of each other and look forward to future developments in this field.

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          2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

          Piotr Ponikowski, Adriaan A. Voors, Stefan D. Anker … (2016)
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            Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study.

            Sumeet S Chugh, Rasmus Havmoeller, Kumar Narayanan … (2014)
            The global burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. We systematically reviewed population-based studies of AF published from 1980 to 2010 from the 21 Global Burden of Disease regions to estimate global/regional prevalence, incidence, and morbidity and mortality related to AF (DisModMR software). Of 377 potential studies identified, 184 met prespecified eligibility criteria. The estimated number of individuals with AF globally in 2010 was 33.5 million (20.9 million men [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 19.5-22.2 million] and 12.6 million women [95% UI, 12.0-13.7 million]). Burden associated with AF, measured as disability-adjusted life-years, increased by 18.8% (95% UI, 15.8-19.3) in men and 18.9% (95% UI, 15.8-23.5) in women from 1990 to 2010. In 1990, the estimated age-adjusted prevalence rates of AF (per 100 000 population) were 569.5 in men (95% UI, 532.8-612.7) and 359.9 in women (95% UI, 334.7-392.6); the estimated age-adjusted incidence rates were 60.7 per 100 000 person-years in men (95% UI, 49.2-78.5) and 43.8 in women (95% UI, 35.9-55.0). In 2010, the prevalence rates increased to 596.2 (95% UI, 558.4-636.7) in men and 373.1 (95% UI, 347.9-402.2) in women; the incidence rates increased to 77.5 (95% UI, 65.2-95.4) in men and 59.5 (95% UI, 49.9-74.9) in women. Mortality associated with AF was higher in women and increased by 2-fold (95% UI, 2.0-2.2) and 1.9-fold (95% UI, 1.8-2.0) in men and women, respectively, from 1990 to 2010. There was evidence of significant regional heterogeneity in AF estimations and availability of population-based data. These findings provide evidence of progressive increases in overall burden, incidence, prevalence, and AF-associated mortality between 1990 and 2010, with significant public health implications. Systematic, regional surveillance of AF is required to better direct prevention and treatment strategies.
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              The global health and economic burden of hospitalizations for heart failure: lessons learned from hospitalized heart failure registries.

              Andrew Ambrosy, Gregg C. Fonarow, Javed Butler … (2014)
              Heart failure is a global pandemic affecting an estimated 26 million people worldwide and resulting in more than 1 million hospitalizations annually in both the United States and Europe. Although the outcomes for ambulatory HF patients with a reduced ejection fraction (EF) have improved with the discovery of multiple evidence-based drug and device therapies, hospitalized heart failure (HHF) patients continue to experience unacceptably high post-discharge mortality and readmission rates that have not changed in the last 2 decades. In addition, the proportion of HHF patients classified as having a preserved EF continues to grow and may overtake HF with a reduced EF in the near future. However, the prognosis for HF with a preserved EF is similar and there are currently no available disease-modifying therapies. HHF registries have significantly improved our understanding of this clinical entity and remain an important source of data shaping both public policy and research efforts. The authors review global HHF registries to describe the patient characteristics, management, outcomes and their predictors, quality improvement initiatives, regional differences, and limitations of the available data. Moreover, based on the lessons learned, they also propose a roadmap for the design and conduct of future HHF registries. Copyright © 2014 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Europace
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Europace
                Journal ID (publisher-id): europace
                Title: Europace
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 1099-5129
                ISSN (Electronic): 1532-2092
                Publication date Collection: April 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 April 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 09 April 2021
                Volume: 23
                Issue: Suppl 2 , Innovations and Paradigm Shifts in Atrial Fibrillation Management
                Pages: ii40-ii45
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+) , Maastricht, The Netherlands
                [2 ] Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc) , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
                [3 ] Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. Tel: +31 24 3616785; fax: +31 24 3635111. E-mail address: dominique.verhaert@ 123456radboudumc.nl
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-2589
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-7935
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-5964
                Article
                Publisher ID: euaa368
                DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa368
                PMC ID: 8035705
                PubMed ID: 33837758
                SO-VID: f145d401-9498-44af-940c-5df003786fc2
                Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                Date received : 09 October 2020
                Date accepted : 16 November 2020
                Date: 11 November 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Supplement Papers
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/MED00200

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: atrial fibrillation,heart failure,tachycardiomyopathy,pathophysiology,hfref,hfpef,treatment,catheter ablation,pulmonary vein isolation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: atrial fibrillation, heart failure, tachycardiomyopathy, pathophysiology, hfref, hfpef, treatment, catheter ablation, pulmonary vein isolation

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