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      Direct Ink Writing of Highly Conductive MXene Frames for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electromagnetic Wave-Induced Thermochromism

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          Abstract

          Highlights

          • 3D printing of MXene frames with tunable electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency is demonstrated.

          • Highly conductive MXene frames are reinforced by cross-linking with aluminum ions.

          • Electromagnetic wave is visualized by electromagnetic-thermochromic MXene patterns.

          Abstract

          The highly integrated and miniaturized next-generation electronic products call for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to assure the normal operation of their closely assembled components. However, the most current techniques are not adequate for the fabrication of shielding materials with programmable structure and controllable shielding efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate the direct ink writing of robust and highly conductive Ti 3C 2T x MXene frames with customizable structures by using MXene/AlOOH inks for tunable EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromism applications. The as-printed frames are reinforced by immersing in AlCl 3/HCl solution to remove the electrically insulating AlOOH nanoparticles, as well as cross-link the MXene sheets and fuse the filament interfaces with aluminum ions. After freeze-drying, the resultant robust and porous MXene frames exhibit tunable EMI shielding efficiencies in the range of 25–80 dB with the highest electrical conductivity of 5323 S m −1. Furthermore, an electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromic MXene pattern is assembled by coating and curing with thermochromic polydimethylsiloxane on a printed MXene pattern, and its color can be changed from blue to red under the high-intensity electromagnetic irradiation. This work demonstrates a direct ink printing of customizable EMI frames and patterns for tuning EMI shielding efficiency and visualizing electromagnetic waves.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00665-9.

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          Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes)

          F. Shahzad, M. Alhabeb, C. Hatter … (2016)
          Materials with good flexibility and high conductivity that can provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with minimal thickness are highly desirable, especially if they can be easily processed into films. Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, combine metallic conductivity and hydrophilic surfaces. Here, we demonstrate the potential of several MXenes and their polymer composites for EMI shielding. A 45-micrometer-thick Ti3C2Tx film exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness of 92 decibels (>50 decibels for a 2.5-micrometer film), which is the highest among synthetic materials of comparable thickness produced to date. This performance originates from the excellent electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx films (4600 Siemens per centimeter) and multiple internal reflections from Ti3C2Tx flakes in free-standing films. The mechanical flexibility and easy coating capability offered by MXenes and their composites enable them to shield surfaces of any shape while providing high EMI shielding efficiency.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1376 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Hydrophobic, Flexible, and Lightweight MXene Foams for High-Performance Electromagnetic-Interference Shielding

            Ji Liu, Hao-Bin Zhang, Renhui Sun … (2017)
            Article 0 comments Cited 573 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti3C2MXene Flakes

              Alexey Lipatov, Alexander Sinitskii, Yury Gogotsi … (2016)
              Article 0 comments Cited 509 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Hao-Bin Zhang: zhanghaobin@mail.buct.edu.cn
                Zhong-Zhen Yu: yuzz@mail.buct.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomicro Lett
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomicro Lett
                Title: Nano-Micro Letters
                Publisher: Springer Singapore (Singapore )
                ISSN (Print): 2311-6706
                ISSN (Electronic): 2150-5551
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 June 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 22 June 2021
                Publication date Collection: December 2021
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 148
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.48166.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 9931 8406, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, , Beijing University of Chemical Technology, ; Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]GRID grid.48166.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 9931 8406, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, , Beijing University of Chemical Technology, ; Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]GRID grid.48166.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 9931 8406, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, , Beijing University of Chemical Technology, ; Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 665
                DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00665-9
                PMC ID: 8219826
                PubMed ID: 34156564
                SO-VID: f2371f73-f4bb-43fe-b3a0-eed969997d8a
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 16 March 2021
                Date accepted : 11 May 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                Keywords: mxene,electromagnetic interference shielding,direct ink writing,electrical conductivity,thermochromism
                Data availability:
                Keywords: mxene, electromagnetic interference shielding, direct ink writing, electrical conductivity, thermochromism

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