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      Valuing invisible catches: Estimating the global contribution by women to small-scale marine capture fisheries production

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          Abstract

          The role that women play in fisheries around the world is receiving increasing international attention yet the contributions by women to fisheries catches continues to be overlooked by society, industry and policy makers. Here, we address this lack of visibility with a global estimation of small-scale fisheries catches by women. Our estimates reveal that women participate in small-scale fishing activities in all regions of the world, with approximately 2.1 million (± 86,000) women accounting for roughly 11% (± 4%) of participants in small-scale fishing activities, i.e., catching roughly 2.9 million (± 835,000) tonnes per year of marine fish and invertebrates. The landed value of the catch by women is estimated at USD 5.6 billion (± 1.5 billion), with an economic impact of USD 14.8 billion per year (± 4 billion), which is equivalent to 25.6 billion real 2010 dollars (± 7.2 billion). These catches are mostly taken along the shoreline, on foot, or from small, non-motorized vessels using low-technology, low-emission gears in coastal waters. Catches taken by women are often for home consumption, and thus considered part of the subsistence sub-sector. However, in many contexts, women also sell a portion of their catch, generating income for themselves and their families. These findings underscore the significant role of women as direct producers in small-scale fisheries value chains, making visible contributions by women to food and livelihood security, globally.

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          Most cited references58

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          Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining

          Fisheries data assembled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) suggest that global marine fisheries catches increased to 86 million tonnes in 1996, then slightly declined. Here, using a decade-long multinational ‘catch reconstruction' project covering the Exclusive Economic Zones of the world's maritime countries and the High Seas from 1950 to 2010, and accounting for all fisheries, we identify catch trajectories differing considerably from the national data submitted to the FAO. We suggest that catch actually peaked at 130 million tonnes, and has been declining much more strongly since. This decline in reconstructed catches reflects declines in industrial catches and to a smaller extent declining discards, despite industrial fishing having expanded from industrialized countries to the waters of developing countries. The differing trajectories documented here suggest a need for improved monitoring of all fisheries, including often neglected small-scale fisheries, and illegal and other problematic fisheries, as well as discarded bycatch.
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            The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries

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              Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                4 March 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 3
                : e0228912
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
                [2 ] Vancouver School of Economics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
                [3 ] Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
                [4 ] Sea Around Us, , Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
                Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GREECE
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-9370
                Article
                PONE-D-19-26360
                10.1371/journal.pone.0228912
                7055739
                32130247
                f5e69f23-e217-43a9-9a3f-d0485034c182
                © 2020 Harper et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 September 2019
                : 26 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Pages: 16
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000155, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada;
                Award ID: 767-2014-2339
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000155, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada;
                Award ID: 895-2013-1009
                Award Recipient :
                Funding for this work was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and by a number of philanthropic foundations, notably the Paul M. Angell Family Foundation, and the Marisla, Mava, Minderoo Oak, David and Lucile Packard Foundations. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Fisheries
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Vertebrates
                Fish
                Marine Fish
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Marine Biology
                Marine Fish
                Earth Sciences
                Marine and Aquatic Sciences
                Marine Biology
                Marine Fish
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Economic Analysis
                Economic Impact Analysis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Agricultural Economics
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Agricultural Economics
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Sexual and Gender Issues
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Aquaculture
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Economic Geography
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Economic Geography
                Custom metadata
                Relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. Raw data are available on public repository Dataverse: https://doi.org/10.5683/SP2/W54PB9.

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                Uncategorized

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