Towards ferroelectrically-controlled magnetism: Magnetoelectric effect
  in Fe/BaTiO3 multilayers

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Abstract

An unexplored physical mechanism which produces a magnetoelectric effect in ferroelectric/ferromagnetic multilayers is studied based on first-principles calculations. Its origin is a change in bonding at the ferroelectric/ferromagnet interface that alters the interface magnetization when the electric polarization reverses. Using Fe/BaTiO3 multilayers as a representative model we show a sizable difference in magnetic moments of Fe and Ti atoms at the two interfaces dissimilar by the orientation of the local electric dipole moment. The predicted magnetoelectric effect is comparable in magnitude with that observed in elastically-coupled composites and opens a new direction to control magnetic properties of thin-film layered structures by electric fields.

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Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization.

T. Kimura, T. Goto, H Shintani … (2003)

The magnetoelectric effect--the induction of magnetization by means of an electric field and induction of polarization by means of a magnetic field--was first presumed to exist by Pierre Curie, and subsequently attracted a great deal of interest in the 1960s and 1970s (refs 2-4). More recently, related studies on magnetic ferroelectrics have signalled a revival of interest in this phenomenon. From a technological point of view, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties is an attractive possibility, but the number of candidate materials is limited and the effects are typically too small to be useful in applications. Here we report the discovery of ferroelectricity in a perovskite manganite, TbMnO3, where the effect of spin frustration causes sinusoidal antiferromagnetic ordering. The modulated magnetic structure is accompanied by a magnetoelastically induced lattice modulation, and with the emergence of a spontaneous polarization. In the magnetic ferroelectric TbMnO3, we found gigantic magnetoelectric and magnetocapacitance effects, which can be attributed to switching of the electric polarization induced by magnetic fields. Frustrated spin systems therefore provide a new area to search for magnetoelectric media.

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Magnetic phase control by an electric field.

Thomas Lottermoser, Thomas Lonkai, Uwe Amann … (2004)

The quest for higher data density in information storage is motivating investigations into approaches for manipulating magnetization by means other than magnetic fields. This is evidenced by the recent boom in magnetoelectronics and 'spintronics', where phenomena such as carrier effects in magnetic semiconductors and high-correlation effects in colossal magnetoresistive compounds are studied for their device potential. The linear magnetoelectric effect-the induction of polarization by a magnetic field and of magnetization by an electric field-provides another route for linking magnetic and electric properties. It was recently discovered that composite materials and magnetic ferroelectrics exhibit magnetoelectric effects that exceed previously known effects by orders of magnitude, with the potential to trigger magnetic or electric phase transitions. Here we report a system whose magnetic phase can be controlled by an external electric field: ferromagnetic ordering in hexagonal HoMnO3 is reversibly switched on and off by the applied field via magnetoelectric interactions. We monitor this process using magneto-optical techniques and reveal its microscopic origin by neutron and X-ray diffraction. From our results, we identify basic requirements for other candidate materials to exhibit magnetoelectric phase control.

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First-principles study of epitaxial strain in perovskites

Karin Rabe, Oswaldo Diéguez, David Vanderbilt (2005)

Using an extension of a first-principles method developed by King-Smith and Vanderbilt [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 49}, 5828 (1994)], we investigate the effects of in-plane epitaxial strain on the ground-state structure and polarization of eight perovskite oxides: BaTiO\(_3\), SrTiO\(_3\), CaTiO\(_3\), KNbO\(_3\), NaNbO\(_3\), PbTiO\(_3\), PbZrO\(_3\), and BaZrO\(_3\). In addition, we investigate the effects of a nonzero normal stress. The results are shown to be useful in predicting the structure and polarization of perovskite oxide thin films and superlattices.