Sex-specific prevalence of coronary heart disease among Tehranian adult population across different glycemic status: Tehran lipid and glucose study, 2008–2011

Abstract

Background

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death. Alarmingly Iranian populations had a high rank of CHD worldwide. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of CHD across different glycemic categories.

Methods

This study was conducted on 7718 Tehranian participants (Men = 3427) aged ≥30 years from 2008 to 2011. They were categorized based on glycemic status. The prevalence of CHD was calculated in each group separately. CHD was defined as hospital records adjudicated by an outcome committee. The association of different glycemic categories with CHD was calculated using multivariate logistic regression, compared with normal fasting glucose /normal glucose tolerance (NFG/NGT) group as reference.

Results

The age-standardized prevalence of isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT), both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM), and known diabetes mellitus (KDM) were 14.30% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.50–15.09], 4.81% [4.32–5.29], 5.19% [4.71–5.67], 5.79% [5.29–6.28] and 7.72% [7.17–8.27], respectively.

Among a total of 750 individuals diagnosed as cases of CHD (398 in men), 117 (15.6%), 453 (60.4%), and 317 (42.3%) individuals had a history of myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac procedure, and unstable angina, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of CHD for the Tehranian population was 7.71% [7.18–8.24] in the total population, 8.62 [7.81–9.44] in men and 7.19 [6.46–7.93] in women. Moreover, among diabetic participants, the age-standardized prevalence of CHD was 13.10 [9.83–16.38] in men and 10.67 [8.90–12.44] in women, significantly higher than corresponding values for NFG/NGT and prediabetic groups.

Across six levels of glycemic status, CHD was associated with IFG/IGT [odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI: 1.38 (1.01–1.89)], NDM [1.83 (1.40–2.41)], and KDM [2.83 (2.26–3.55)] groups, in the age- and sex-adjusted model. Furthermore, in the full-adjusted model, only NDM and KDM status remained to be associated with the presence of CHD by ORs of 1.40 (1.06–1.86) for NDM and 1.91 (1.51–2.43) for KDM.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of CHD, especially among diabetic populations, necessitates the urgent implementation of behavioral interventions in the Tehranian population, according to evidence-based guidelines for the clinical management of diabetic patients.