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      Nanoparticle-based Cell Trackers for Biomedical Applications

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          Abstract

          The continuous or real-time tracking of biological processes using biocompatible contrast agents over a certain period of time is vital for precise diagnosis and treatment, such as monitoring tissue regeneration after stem cell transplantation, understanding the genesis, development, invasion and metastasis of cancer and so on. The rationally designed nanoparticles, including aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dots, inorganic quantum dots (QDs), nanodiamonds, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), have been explored to meet this urgent need. In this review, the development and application of these nanoparticle-based cell trackers for a variety of imaging technologies, including fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, positron emission tomography and single photon emission computing tomography are discussed in detail. Moreover, the further therapeutic treatments using multi-functional trackers endowed with photodynamic and photothermal modalities are also introduced to provide a comprehensive perspective in this promising research field.

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          In vivo imaging of quantum dots encapsulated in phospholipid micelles.

          Benoît Dubertret, Paris Skourides, David Norris … (2002)
          Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) have the potential to revolutionize biological imaging, but their use has been limited by difficulties in obtaining nanocrystals that are biocompatible. To address this problem, we encapsulated individual nanocrystals in phospholipid block-copolymer micelles and demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo imaging. When conjugated to DNA, the nanocrystal-micelles acted as in vitro fluorescent probes to hybridize to specific complementary sequences. Moreover, when injected into Xenopus embryos, the nanocrystal-micelles were stable, nontoxic (<5 x 10(9) nanocrystals per cell), cell autonomous, and slow to photobleach. Nanocrystal fluorescence could be followed to the tadpole stage, allowing lineage-tracing experiments in embryogenesis.
          Article 0 comments Cited 381 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun.

            Peter Ogilby (2010)
            Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, has been known to the scientific community for approximately 80 years. It has a characteristic chemistry that sets it apart from the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma), and is important in fields that range from atmospheric chemistry and materials science to biology and medicine. For such a "mature citizen", singlet oxygen nevertheless remains at the cutting-edge of modern science. In this critical review, recent work on singlet oxygen is summarized, focusing primarily on systems that involve light. It is clear that there is indeed still something new under the sun (243 references).
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              Metalloporphyrin-Encapsulated Biodegradable Nanosystems for Highly Efficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy.

              Yufang Zhu, Liying Wang, Han Lin … (2017)
              Traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffers from the critical issues of low tissue-penetrating depth of light and potential phototoxicity, which are expected to be solved by developing new dynamic therapy-based therapeutic modalities such as sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In this work, we report on the design/fabrication of a high-performance multifunctional nanoparticulate sonosensitizer for efficient in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided SDT against cancer. The developed approach takes the structural and compositional features of mesoporous organosilica-based nanosystems for the fabrication of sonosensitizers with intriguing theranostic performance. The well-defined mesoporosity facilitates the high loading of organic sonosensitizers (protoporphyrin, PpIX) and further chelating of paramagnetic transitional metal Mn ions based on metalloporphyrin chemistry (MnPpIX). The mesoporous structure of large surface area also maximizes the accessibility of water molecules to the encapsulated paramagnetic Mn ions, endowing the composite sonosensitizers with markedly high MRI performance (r1 = 9.43 mM(-1) s(-2)) for SDT guidance and monitoring. Importantly, the developed multifunctional sonosensitizers (HMONs-MnPpIX-PEG) with controllable biodegradation behavior and high biocompatibility show distinctively high SDT efficiency for inducing the cancer-cell death in vitro and suppressing the tumor growth in vivo. This report provides a paradigm that nanotechnology-enhanced SDT based on elaborately designed high-performance multifunctional sonosensitizers will pave a new way for efficient cancer treatment by fully taking the advantages (noninvasiveness, convenience, cost-effectiveness, etc.) of ultrasound therapy and quickly developing nanomedicine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Theranostics
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Theranostics
                Journal ID (publisher-id): thno
                Title: Theranostics
                Publisher: Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1838-7640
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 January 2020
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 1923-1947
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biomedical Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
                [2 ]HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
                [3 ]School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
                [4 ]Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
                Author notes
                ✉ Corresponding authors: Bin Liu ( cheliub@ 123456nus.edu.sg ) and Kai Li ( lik@ 123456sustech.edu.cn )

                #These authors contribute equally.

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                Publisher ID: thnov10p1923
                DOI: 10.7150/thno.39915
                PMC ID: 6993224
                PubMed ID: 32042345
                SO-VID: faf9b4d2-1b38-4336-bcd0-f86748044905
                Copyright © © The author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

                History
                Date received : 2 September 2019
                Date accepted : 12 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: aggregation-induced emission,bioimaging,cell tracking,semiconducting polymer,therapy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: aggregation-induced emission, bioimaging, cell tracking, semiconducting polymer, therapy

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