Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. Current screening requires a yearly pelvic exam and Pap smear. However, these procedures are impractical for screening all women at risk for disease. Urine sampling has been successfully utilized to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoreae (NG) infections and has been considered for HPV DNA detection by several investigators. However, no study to date has been performed to specifically optimize HPV detection in urine.