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The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization
December 2004
December 2004
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Abstract
Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of the mononuclear phagocyte
system. Here we review emerging key properties of different forms of macrophage activation
and polarization (M1, M2a, M2b, M2c), which represent extremes of a continuum. In
particular, recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine
system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion
of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.