This article aims to show the role of financing in economic development in two countries, Brazil and Mexico, after World War II (WWII) to present day. We do a careful historical review to see what sort of policies and what kind of structure two national development banks (Nacional Financiera [NAFINSA] from Mexico and Banco Nacional de desenvolvimento Econômico e Social [BNdES] from Brazil) carry out in order to spark industrialization. Our research shows that these banks were successful at promoting growth (but not human development) in particular periods in their country's history (import substitution) and not successful in other periods (neoliberalism).
For Diamond, financing the public sector is more related with planning.
Although in some countries there are private development banks, the vast majority are public (see De Luna-Martínez and Vicente 2012).
Development banks are good at financing development, according to the backwardness of each country, state's intervention is accommodated (Gerschenkron 1962).
Nacional Financiera (NAFINSA) changed its name in 1985 to NAFIN.
Triner (1996, 1999) comments that private financing grew in the textile industry at the beginning of the 20th century.