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      Germline genome modification through novel political, ethical, and social lenses

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          Abstract

          Much has been written about gene modifying technologies (GMTs), with a particularly strong focus on human germline genome editing (HGGE) sparked by its unprecedented clinical research application in 2018, shocking the scientific community. This paper applies political, ethical, and social lenses to aspects of HGGE to uncover previously underexplored considerations that are important to reflect on in global discussions. By exploring 4 areas—(1) just distribution of HGGE benefits through a realist lens; (2) HGGE through a national interest lens; (3) “broad societal consensus” through a structural injustice lens; and (4) HGGE through a scientific trustworthiness lens—a broader perspective is offered, which ultimately aims to enrich further debates and inform well-considered solutions for developments in this field. The application of these lenses also brings to light the fact that all discussions about scientific developments involve a conscious or unconscious application of a lens that shapes the direction of our thinking.

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          Most cited references51

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          In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates

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            RESPONSIBILITY AND GLOBAL JUSTICE: A SOCIAL CONNECTION MODEL

            Iris Young (2006)
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              Adopt a moratorium on heritable genome editing

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS Genet
                PLoS Genet
                plos
                PLoS Genetics
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1553-7390
                1553-7404
                9 September 2021
                September 2021
                : 17
                : 9
                : e1009741
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
                [2 ] Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, Department of Law, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
                [3 ] Center for Medical Ethics, HELSAM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
                [4 ] Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
                [5 ] Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
                [6 ] Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
                [7 ] School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
                Stanford University, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-9686
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-6148
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-3986
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-6457
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7200-5607
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-4618
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-2000
                Article
                PGENETICS-D-21-00794
                10.1371/journal.pgen.1009741
                8428543
                34499641
                37f8e0cd-87b1-42d8-a31c-cadb96a44e42
                © 2021 Xafis et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001349, national medical research council;
                Award ID: NMRC/CBME/2016
                This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council under its NMRC Funding Initiative grant (NMRC/CBME/2016). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Viewpoints
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Ocular Anatomy
                Eye Lens
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Ocular Anatomy
                Eye Lens
                Science Policy
                Science and Technology Workforce
                Careers in Research
                Scientists
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Professions
                Scientists
                Science Policy
                Research Integrity
                Research Ethics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Genetics
                Genomics
                Human Genomics
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Classical Mechanics
                Reflection
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Bioengineering
                Genome Engineering
                Synthetic Genome Editing
                Zinc Finger Nucleases
                Engineering and Technology
                Bioengineering
                Genome Engineering
                Synthetic Genome Editing
                Zinc Finger Nucleases
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Synthetic Biology
                Synthetic Genomics
                Synthetic Genome Editing
                Zinc Finger Nucleases
                Engineering and Technology
                Synthetic Biology
                Synthetic Genomics
                Synthetic Genome Editing
                Zinc Finger Nucleases
                Science Policy
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                North America
                United States

                Genetics
                Genetics

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