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      An extrapolation of Foucault’s Technologies of the Self to effect positive transformation in the intensivist as teacher and mentor

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          Abstract

          In critical care medicine, teaching and mentoring practices are extremely important in regard to attracting and retaining young trainees and faculty in this important subspecialty that has a scarcity of needed personnel in the USA. To this end, we argue that Foucault’s Technologies of the Self is critical background reading when endeavoring to effect the positive transformation of faculty into effective teachers and mentors.

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          Mentoring faculty in academic medicine. A new paradigm?

          Sharon Knight, Linda Pololi (2005)
          In this paper, we discuss an alternative structure and a broader vision for mentoring of medical faculty. While there is recognition of the need for mentoring for professional advancement in academic medicine, there is a dearth of research on the process and outcomes of mentoring medical faculty. Supported by the literature and our experience with both formal dyadic and group peer mentoring programs as part of our federally funded National Center of Leadership in Academic Medicine, we assert that a group peer, collaborative mentoring model founded on principles of adult education is one that is likely to be an effective and predictably reliable form of mentoring for both women and men in academic medicine.
          Article 0 comments Cited 58 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A comparison of critical care research funding and the financial burden of critical illness in the United States.

            Lucia S. Sommers, Walter Linde-Zwirble, K Olsen … (2012)
            To estimate federal dollars spent on critical care research, the cost of providing critical care, and to determine whether the percentage of federal research dollars spent on critical care research is commensurate with the financial burden of critical care. The National Institutes of Health Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects database was queried to identify funded grants whose title or abstract contained a key word potentially related to critical care. Each grant identified was analyzed by two reviewers (three if the analysis was discordant) to subjectively determine whether it was definitely, possibly, or definitely not related to critical care. Hospital and total costs of critical care were estimated from the Premier Database, state discharge data, and Medicare data. To estimate healthcare expenditures associated with caring for critically ill patients, total costs were calculated as the combination of hospitalization costs that included critical illness as well as additional costs in the year after hospital discharge. Of 19,257 grants funded by the National Institutes of Health, 332 (1.7%) were definitely related to critical care and a maximum of 1212 (6.3%) grants were possibly related to critical care. Between 17.4% and 39.0% of total hospital costs were spent on critical care, and a total of between $121 and $263 billion was estimated to be spent on patients who required intensive care. This represents 5.2% to 11.2%, respectively, of total U.S. healthcare spending. The proportion of research dollars spent on critical care is lower than the percentage of healthcare expenditures related to critical illness.
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              Worldwide demand for critical care.

              Gordon D Rubenfeld, Neill K Adhikari (2011)
              Interest in the global burden of critical illness is growing, but comprehensive data to describe this burden and the resources available to provide care for critically ill patients are lacking. Challenges to obtaining population-based global estimates of critical illness and resources to treat it include the syndrome-based definitions of critical illness, incorrect equating of 'critical illness' with 'admission to an intensive care unit', lack of reliable case ascertainment in administrative data, and short prodrome and high mortality of critical illness, limiting the number of prevalent cases. Modeling techniques will be required to estimate the burden of critical illness and disparities in access to critical care using existing data sources. Demand for critical care is likely to increase, related to urbanization, an aging demographic, and the ongoing wars, disasters, and pandemics, whereas economic crises will likely decrease the ability to pay for it. Major unexplored research and public health questions remain unanswered regarding the worldwide burden of critical illness, variation in resources available for treatment, and strategies to prevent and treat critical illness that are broadly effective and feasible.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Philos Ethics Humanit Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Philos Ethics Humanit Med
                Title: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine : PEHM
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1747-5341
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 July 2013
                Volume: 8
                Page: 7
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
                [2 ]Department of Integrated Studies, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NH, USA
                [3 ]Department of English Language and Literature, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1747-5341-8-7
                DOI: 10.1186/1747-5341-8-7
                PMC ID: 3717278
                PubMed ID: 23866101
                SO-VID: 05d85f07-24b1-4f71-81a3-8c3e7538f2cc
                Copyright © Copyright ©2013 Papadimos et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 14 November 2012
                Date accepted : 11 July 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Commentary

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Philosophy of science
                Keywords: mentoring,medical education,critical care,philosophy,teaching
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Philosophy of science
                Keywords: mentoring, medical education, critical care, philosophy, teaching

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