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      Application of Low-Cost Me-N-C (Me = Fe or Co) Electrocatalysts Derived from EDTA in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)

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          Abstract

          Co-N-C and Fe-N-C electrocatalysts have been prepared by mixing Fe or Co precursors, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as a nitrogen source, and an oxidized carbon. These materials were thermally treated at 800 °C or 1000 °C under nitrogen flow to produce four samples, named CoNC8, CoNC10, FeNC8, and FeNC10. They have been physicochemically characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) analyses have been carried out to investigate the performance of the nonprecious cathode catalysts, using a low amount of Pt (0.7 mg/cm 2) at the anode side. It appears that FeNC8 is the best performing low-cost cathode catalyst in terms of higher oxygen reduction reaction activity and methanol tolerance.

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          Iron-based cathode catalyst with enhanced power density in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.

          Eric Proietti, Frédéric Jaouen, Michel Lefèvre … (2011)
          H(2)-air polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells are electrochemical power generators with potential vehicle propulsion applications. To help reduce their cost and encourage widespread use, research has focused on replacing the expensive Pt-based electrocatalysts in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells with a lower-cost alternative. Fe-based cathode catalysts are promising contenders, but their power density has been low compared with Pt-based cathodes, largely due to poor mass-transport properties. Here we report an iron-acetate/phenanthroline/zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-derived electrocatalyst with increased volumetric activity and enhanced mass-transport properties. The zeolitic-imidazolate-framework serves as a microporous host for phenanthroline and ferrous acetate to form a catalyst precursor that is subsequently heat treated. A cathode made with the best electrocatalyst from this work, tested in H(2)-O(2,) has a power density of 0.75 W cm(-2) at 0.6 V, a meaningful voltage for polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells operation, comparable with that of a commercial Pt-based cathode tested under identical conditions.
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            Cross-laboratory experimental study of non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.

            J Dahn, Frédéric Jaouen, Jun-ichi Maruyama … (2009)
            Nine non-noble-metal catalysts (NNMCs) from five different laboratories were investigated for the catalysis of O(2) electroreduction in an acidic medium. The catalyst precursors were synthesized by wet impregnation, planetary ball milling, a foaming-agent technique, or a templating method. All catalyst precursors were subjected to one or more heat treatments at 700-1050 degrees C in an inert or reactive atmosphere. These catalysts underwent an identical set of electrochemical characterizations, including rotating-disk-electrode and polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) tests and voltammetry under N(2). Ex situ characterization was comprised of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and N(2) adsorption and its analysis with an advanced model for carbonaceous powders. In PEMFC, several NNMCs display mass activities of 10-20 A g(-1) at 0.8 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, and one shows 80 A g(-1). The latter value corresponds to a volumetric activity of 19 A cm(-3) under reference conditions and represents one-seventh of the target defined by the U.S. Department of Energy for 2010 (130 A cm(-3)). The activity of all NNMCs is mainly governed by the microporous surface area, and active sites seem to be hosted in pore sizes of 5-15 A. The nitrogen and metal (iron or cobalt) seem to be present in sufficient amounts in the NNMCs and do not limit activity. The paper discusses probable directions for synthesizing more active NNMCs. This could be achieved through multiple pyrolysis steps, ball-milling steps, and control of the powder morphology by the addition of foaming agents and/or sulfur.
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              Methanol oxidation and direct methanol fuel cells: a selective review

              S. Wasmus, A. Küver (1999)
              Article 0 comments Cited 145 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 July 2018
                Publication date Collection: July 2018
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1193
                Affiliations
                C.N.R., Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano” (ITAE), Via Salita Santa Lucia sopra Contesse, 5, 98126 Messina, Italy; arico@ 123456itae.cnr.it
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: lovecchio@ 123456itae.cnr.it (C.L.V.); baglio@ 123456itae.cnr.it (V.B.); Tel.: +39-090-624-288 (C.L.V.); +39-090-624-237 (V.B.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0675-1393
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-7169
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-11-01193
                DOI: 10.3390/ma11071193
                PMC ID: 6073984
                PubMed ID: 30002292
                SO-VID: 0a4d862f-0ae9-478a-ad89-d03f91fbe7cb
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 01 June 2018
                Date accepted : 10 July 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: non-pgm catalysts,dmfcs,methanol-tolerant catalysts,oxygen reduction reaction
                Data availability:
                Keywords: non-pgm catalysts, dmfcs, methanol-tolerant catalysts, oxygen reduction reaction

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