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      Quantitative trait loci of stripe rust resistance in wheat

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          Abstract

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          Over 140 QTLs for resistance to stripe rust in wheat have been published and through mapping flanking markers on consensus maps, 49 chromosomal regions are identified.

          Abstract

          Over thirty publications during the last 10 years have identified more than 140 QTLs for stripe rust resistance in wheat. It is likely that many of these QTLs are identical genes that have been spread through plant breeding into diverse backgrounds through phenotypic selection under stripe rust epidemics. Allelism testing can be used to differentiate genes in similar locations but in different genetic backgrounds; however, this is problematic for QTL studies where multiple loci segregate from any one parent. This review utilizes consensus maps to illustrate important genomic regions that have had effects against stripe rust in wheat, and although this methodology cannot distinguish alleles from closely linked genes, it does highlight the extent of genetic diversity for this trait and identifies the most valuable loci and the parents possessing them for utilization in breeding programs. With the advent of cheaper, high throughput genotyping technologies, it is envisioned that there will be many more publications in the near future describing ever more QTLs. This review sets the scene for the coming influx of data and will quickly enable researchers to identify new loci in their given populations.

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          A putative ABC transporter confers durable resistance to multiple fungal pathogens in wheat.

          Simon G. Krattinger, Evans Lagudah, Wolfgang Spielmeyer … (2009)
          Agricultural crops benefit from resistance to pathogens that endures over years and generations of both pest and crop. Durable disease resistance, which may be partial or complete, can be controlled by several genes. Some of the most devastating fungal pathogens in wheat are leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew. The wheat gene Lr34 has supported resistance to these pathogens for more than 50 years. Lr34 is now shared by wheat cultivars around the world. Here, we show that the LR34 protein resembles adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters of the pleiotropic drug resistance subfamily. Alleles of Lr34 conferring resistance or susceptibility differ by three genetic polymorphisms. The Lr34 gene, which functions in the adult plant, stimulates senescence-like processes in the flag leaf tips and edges.
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            A kinase-START gene confers temperature-dependent resistance to wheat stripe rust.

            Daolin Fu, Cristobal Uauy, Assaf Distelfeld … (2009)
            Stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease that afflicts wheat in many regions of the world. New races of Puccinia striiformis, the pathogen responsible for this disease, have overcome most of the known race-specific resistance genes. We report the map-based cloning of the gene Yr36 (WKS1), which confers resistance to a broad spectrum of stripe rust races at relatively high temperatures (25 degrees to 35 degrees C). This gene includes a kinase and a putative START lipid-binding domain. Five independent mutations and transgenic complementation confirmed that both domains are necessary to confer resistance. Yr36 is present in wild wheat but is absent in modern pasta and bread wheat varieties, and therefore it can now be used to improve resistance to stripe rust in a broad set of varieties.
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              Lr68: a new gene conferring slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat.

              Sybil A. Herrera-Foessel, Ravi Singh, Julio Huerta-Espino … (2012)
              The common wheat cultivar Parula possesses a high level of slow rusting, adult plant resistance (APR) to all three rust diseases of wheat. Previous mapping studies using an Avocet-YrA/Parula recombinant inbred line (RIL) population showed that APR to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in Parula is governed by at least three independent slow rusting resistance genes: Lr34 on 7DS, Lr46 on 1BL, and a previously unknown gene on 7BL. The use of field rust reaction and flanking markers identified two F(6) RILs, Arula1 and Arula2, from the above population that lacked Lr34 and Lr46 but carried the leaf rust resistance gene in 7BL, hereby designated Lr68. Arula1 and Arula2 were crossed with Apav, a highly susceptible line from the cross Avocet-YrA/Pavon 76, and 396 F(4)-derived F(5) RILs were developed for mapping Lr68. The RILs were phenotyped for leaf rust resistance for over 2 years in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, with a mixture of P. triticina races MBJ/SP and MCJ/SP. Close genetic linkages with several DNA markers on 7BL were established using 367 RILs; Psy1-1 and gwm146 flanked Lr68 and were estimated at 0.5 and 0.6 cM, respectively. The relationship between Lr68 and the race-specific seedling resistance gene Lr14b, located in the same region and present in Parula, Arula1 and Arula2, was investigated by evaluating the RILs with Lr14b-avirulent P. triticina race TCT/QB in the greenhouse. Although Lr14b and Lr68 homozygous recombinants in repulsion were not identified in RILs, γ-irradiation-induced deletion stocks that lacked Lr68 but possessed Lr14b showed that Lr68 and Lr14b are different loci. Flanking DNA markers that are tightly linked to Lr68 in a wide array of genotypes can be utilized for selection of APR to leaf rust.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : +8618280478207 , +862884790147 , g.rosewarne@cgiar.org
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Theor Appl Genet
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Theor. Appl. Genet
                Title: TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 0040-5752
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-2242
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 August 2013
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 August 2013
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Volume: 126
                Pages: 2427-2449
                Affiliations
                [ ]Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding in Wheat (Southwest), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, #4 Shizishan Rd, Jinjiang, 610066 Chengdu, Sichuan Province People’s Republic of China
                [ ]International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, (CIMMYT) Apdo., Postal 6-6-41, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
                [ ]Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico-INIFAP, Apartado Postal 10, 56230 Chapingo, Edo. de Mexico Mexico
                [ ]Crop Science Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South St, 100081 Beijing, China
                Author notes

                Communicated by R. K. Varshney.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 2159
                DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2159-9
                PMC ID: 3782644
                PubMed ID: 23955314
                SO-VID: 0a9fa073-1231-40c4-8f07-ddc849fb02f5
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2013
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 12 March 2013
                Date accepted : 12 July 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

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