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      How Can Primary Health Care System and Community-Based Participatory Research Be Complementary?

      review-article
      Author(s): , MD, MPH 1 , , MD, MPH 1
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: International Journal of Preventive Medicine
      Publisher: Medknow Publications
      Keywords: Community, Research, Health, Iran

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          Abstract

          Health statistics leave little doubt that the current health system in Iran, which is mainly based on primary health care (PHC), is a functioning one, and that health in Iran has improved far beyond where it was 40 years ago. However, this system has its limitations too. While PHC is very effective in reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases and other acute conditions, it is far less effective in addressing chronic and multifactorial conditions which are now emerging in Iran. In this article, we review some of the salient features of the current health system in Iran, its strengths and limitations, and then introduce community-based participatory research (CBPR) as a method that could potentially fill some of the gaps in the system. We will discuss the definition and steps needed to implement CBPR, provide some important references, and discuss how this approach may not only improve the health system but it could also lead to improvement in other fields in the society too.

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          Obesity and associated lifestyle behaviours in Iran: findings from the First National Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance Survey.

          Farshid Alaedini, Alireza Delavari, Eliyeh Hojatzadeh … (2008)
          To assess the national prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as some associated lifestyle behaviours, for the first time in Iran. This population-based study was performed in early 2005 as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases' risk factor surveillance. Dietary and physical activity habits were assessed by WHO questionnaires. The study population comprised 89,532 subjects aged over 15 years living in the 28 provinces of Iran. Overall, 50.4% (n = 45,113) of the participants were male and 64.6% (n = 57 866) were from the urban areas. The national estimates of overweight, obesity and morbid obesity were 28.6%, 10.8% and 3.4%, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg m-2 in men, women, urban residents and rural residents were found in 37%, 48%, 46.7% and 35.5%, respectively. Abdominal obesity was present in 43.4% of women, 9.7% of men, 28.5% of the urban residents and 23% of the rural residents. Overweight as well as generalised and abdominal obesity were more prevalent in the 45-64-year age group. Although there was no significant difference in frequency of consumption of the food groups in subjects with different BMI categories, various kinds of physical activities showed a steady decline with increasing BMI. The findings of the present study provide alarming evidence for health professionals and policy makers about the very high prevalence of generalised and abdominal obesity in Iran. The unhealthy lifestyle habits, notably sedentary lifestyles in our community, are the major contributing factors for this emerging public health problem.
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            Health for all beyond 2000: the demise of the Alma-Ata Declaration and primary health care in developing countries.

            Richard Taylor, Timothy J. Hall (2003)
            Access to basic health services was affirmed as a fundamental human right in the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978. The model formally adopted for providing healthcare services was "primary health care" (PHC), which involved universal, community-based preventive and curative services, with substantial community involvement. PHC did not achieve its goals for several reasons, including the refusal of experts and politicians in developed countries to accept the principle that communities should plan and implement their own healthcare services. Changes in economic philosophy led to the replacement of PHC by "Health Sector Reform", based on market forces and the economic benefits of better health. It is time to abandon economic ideology and determine the methods that will provide access to basic healthcare services for all people.
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              The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organizations

              PM SENGE, P. SENGE, P. M. Senge … (2006)
              Article 0 comments Cited 63 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Prev Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPVM
                Title: International Journal of Preventive Medicine
                Publisher: Medknow Publications (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2008-7802
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-8213
                Publication date (Print): Winter 2010
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 1-10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Payam Sheikhattari, Department of Behavioral Health, School of Community Health and Policy & Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University Email: payam.sheikhattari@ 123456morgan.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJPVM-1-1
                PMC ID: 3075482
                PubMed ID: 21677760
                SO-VID: 202238a4-d0f6-4080-bf1e-d5dffe21f12c
                Copyright © © International Journal of Preventive Medicine
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 10 October 2009
                Date accepted : 12 November 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
                Keywords: research,health,iran,community
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
                Keywords: research, health, iran, community

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