Anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of plants and mushrooms

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Abstract

New approaches are required for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its associated pathologies. Here, Martel and colleagues review the potential anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of plants, mushrooms and their derivatives, some of which have longstanding uses in traditional Chinese medicine.

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The medical risks of obesity.

Xavier Pi-Sunyer (2009)

Obesity is at epidemic proportions in the United States and in other developed and developing countries. The prevalence of obesity is increasing not only in adults, but especially among children and adolescents. In the United States in 2003 to 2004, 17.1% of children and adolescents were overweight, and 32.2% of adults were obese. Obesity is a significant risk factor for and contributor to increased morbidity and mortality, most importantly from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, but also from cancer and chronic diseases, including osteoarthritis, liver and kidney disease, sleep apnea, and depression. The prevalence of obesity has increased steadily over the past 5 decades, and obesity may have a significant impact on quality-adjusted life years. Obesity is also strongly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Despite the substantial effects of obesity, weight loss can result in a significant reduction in risk for the majority of these comorbid conditions. Those comorbidities most closely linked to obesity must be identified to increase awareness of potential adverse outcomes. This will allow health care professionals to identify and implement appropriate interventions to reduce patient risk and mortality. A systematic search strategy was used to identify published literature between 1995 and 2008 that reported data from prospective longitudinal studies of obesity and comorbid medical conditions. This article will review evidence for significant associations of obesity with comorbidities to provide information useful for optimal patient management.

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The global epidemic of obesity: an overview.

B. Caballero (2007)

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Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review.

Susan Yanovski, Jack Yanovski (2014)

Thirty-six percent of US adults are obese, and many cannot lose sufficient weight to improve health with lifestyle interventions alone. To conduct a systematic review of medications currently approved in the United States for obesity treatment in adults. We also discuss off-label use of medications studied for obesity and provide considerations for obesity medication use in clinical practice. A PubMed search from inception through September 2013 was performed to find meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized, placebo-controlled trials for currently approved obesity medications lasting at least 1 year that had a primary or secondary outcome of body weight change, included at least 50 participants per group, reported at least 50% retention, and reported results on an intention-to-treat basis. Studies of medications approved for other purposes but tested for obesity treatment were also reviewed. Obesity medications approved for long-term use, when prescribed with lifestyle interventions, produce additional weight loss relative to placebo ranging from approximately 3% of initial weight for orlistat and lorcaserin to 9% for top-dose (15/92 mg) phentermine plus topiramate-extended release at 1 year. The proportion of patients achieving clinically meaningful (at least 5%) weight loss ranges from 37% to 47% for lorcaserin, 35% to 73% for orlistat, and 67% to 70% for top-dose phentermine plus topiramate-extended release. All 3 medications produce greater improvements in many cardiometabolic risk factors than placebo, but no obesity medication has been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity or mortality. Most prescriptions are for noradrenergic medications, despite their approval only for short-term use and limited data for their long-term safety and efficacy. Medications approved for long-term obesity treatment, when used as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention, lead to greater mean weight loss and an increased likelihood of achieving clinically meaningful 1-year weight loss relative to placebo. By discontinuing medication in patients who do not respond with weight loss of at least 5%, clinicians can decrease their patients' exposure to the risks and costs of drug treatment when there is little prospect of long-term benefit.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Abbreviated Title: Nat Rev Endocrinol

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISSN (Print): 1759-5029

ISSN (Electronic): 1759-5037

Publication date Created: September 16 2016

Publication date (Print): September 16 2016

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Article

DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.142

PubMed ID: 27636731

SO-VID: 24310c01-ee90-4e2a-b7a3-6ec2493d017e

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Anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of plants and mushrooms

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Anti-Trafficking Review

Most cited references 94

The medical risks of obesity.

The global epidemic of obesity: an overview.

Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review.

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Journal

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