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      Let’s talk about (biological) sex

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          Abstract

          You spent years investigating your beloved protein. You generated mouse models, found a phenotype and fixed it with a drug. You even used human cells to reveal a conserved mechanism. But a prestigious journal has rejected your manuscript because you did not include females. Here is why you should not be mad at them.

          Abstract

          Irene Miguel-Aliaga comments on the importance of considering biological sex as an experimental variable.

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          Most cited references10

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          Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon.

          A clear majority of patients with chronic pain are women; however, it has been surprisingly difficult to determine whether this sex bias corresponds to actual sex differences in pain sensitivity. A survey of the currently available epidemiological and laboratory data indicates that the evidence for clinical and experimental sex differences in pain is overwhelming. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been given, ranging from experiential and sociocultural differences in pain experience between men and women to hormonally and genetically driven sex differences in brain neurochemistry.
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            Sex and gender analysis improves science and engineering

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              Considering sex as a biological variable will require a global shift in science culture

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                i.miguel-aliaga@imperial.ac.uk
                Journal
                Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
                Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
                Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                1471-0072
                1471-0080
                23 February 2022
                : 1-2
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.14105.31, ISNI 0000000122478951, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, ; London, UK
                [2 ]GRID grid.7445.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2113 8111, Faculty of Medicine, , Imperial College London, ; London, UK
                Article
                467
                10.1038/s41580-022-00467-w
                8865486
                35197611
                2df2cfd1-ee45-4d91-a641-c40108e798d2
                © Springer Nature Limited 2022

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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                cell biology,physiology,molecular biology,scientific community

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