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      Complicaciones tromboembólicas de los pacientes internados por COVID-19 Translated title: Thromboembolic complications in patients with COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Resumen La enfermedad producida por el COVID-19 ha generado un problema sanitario mundial sin precedentes. La infección se considera como un potencial factor de riesgo para desarrollar complica ciones tromboembólicas, principalmente, embolia pulmonar, infarto de miocardio y accidente cerebrovascular. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describirlas en los pacientes internados por COVID-19 y su evolución. Se realizó un estudio observacional unicéntrico prospectivo que comparó las características basales, factores de riesgo, tasa de eventos tromboembólicos, estadía y mortalidad hospitalaria entre los pacientes que se internaron en cuidados intensivos o sala general. Se incluyeron 1125 pacientes, 124 internados en unidad cuidados intensivos y 1001 internados en sala general de internación. La edad promedio fue de 46 ± 18 años, con 585 (52%) de sexo femenino. La tasa global de eventos tromboembólicos fue de 4.4%, siendo significativamente mayor en los pacientes de UCI (29% vs. 1.4%; p < 0.001) a pesar del elevado uso de heparina profiláctica (91.1% vs. 84.9%; p < 0.1), comparados con los internados en SGI. Los factores predictores independientes de desarrollo de eventos tromboembólicos fueron: la edad, el dímero D y la creatinina. La mortalidad global fue 4.3%, siendo significativamente mayor en los pacientes de cuidados intensivos sobre los de sala general de internación (29% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001). Los pacientes que requieren internación por COVID-19 presentan elevada tasa de eventos tromboembólicos a pesar del uso de tromboprofilaxis con heparina, generando un impacto pronóstico negativo sobre la supervivencia de aquellos internados en cuidados intensivos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Coronavirus disease-19 has emerged as a devastating global public health crisis. An increased frequency of arterial and venous thrombosis was observed in COVID-19 infection. The objective of this study was to describe the thromboembolic complications of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and their evolution. A prospective single-center study was conducted that compared the characteristics, risk factors, thromboembolic event rate, hospital stay and mortal ity among patients admitted to intensive care or general ward. The mean age of population was 46 ± 18 years, and 52% were female. The global rate of thromboembolic events was 4.4%, significantly higher in intensive unit patients (29% vs 1.4%; p < 0.001) despite the high use of prophylactic heparin (91.1% vs. 84.9%; p < 0.1). The independent predictive factors for the development of thromboembolic events were: age, D-dimer and creatinine. Of the patients admitted to intensive care, 45.1% required mechanical ventilation. Overall mortality was 4.3%, significantly higher in intensive care patients than in the general hospital ward (29% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.0001). Pa tients requiring hospitalization due to infection secondary to COVID-19 have a high rate of thromboembolic events despite the use of thromboprophylaxis with heparin, generating a negative prognostic impact on the survival of patients admitted to intensive care.

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          Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

          Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p<0·0001), and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL (18·42, 2·64–128·55; p=0·0033) on admission. Median duration of viral shedding was 20·0 days (IQR 17·0–24·0) in survivors, but SARS-CoV-2 was detectable until death in non-survivors. The longest observed duration of viral shedding in survivors was 37 days. Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.
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            Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia

            Abstract Background In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, significantly abnormal coagulation parameters in severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) cases were a concern. Objectives To describe the coagulation feature of patients with NCP. Methods Conventional coagulation results and outcomes of 183 consecutive patients with confirmed NCP in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results The overall mortality was 11.5%, the non‐survivors revealed significantly higher D‐dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time compared to survivors on admission (P < .05); 71.4% of non‐survivors and 0.6% survivors met the criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation during their hospital stay. Conclusions The present study shows that abnormal coagulation results, especially markedly elevated D‐dimer and FDP are common in deaths with NCP.
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              Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19

              Introduction COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolism due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Reports on the incidence of thrombotic complications are however not available. Methods We evaluated the incidence of the composite outcome of symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism (PE), deep-vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction or systemic arterial embolism in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of 2 Dutch university hospitals and 1 Dutch teaching hospital. Results We studied 184 ICU patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia of whom 23 died (13%), 22 were discharged alive (12%) and 139 (76%) were still on the ICU on April 5th 2020. All patients received at least standard doses thromboprophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of the composite outcome was 31% (95%CI 20-41), of which CTPA and/or ultrasonography confirmed VTE in 27% (95%CI 17-37%) and arterial thrombotic events in 3.7% (95%CI 0-8.2%). PE was the most frequent thrombotic complication (n = 25, 81%). Age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.05/per year, 95%CI 1.004-1.01) and coagulopathy, defined as spontaneous prolongation of the prothrombin time > 3 s or activated partial thromboplastin time > 5 s (aHR 4.1, 95%CI 1.9-9.1), were independent predictors of thrombotic complications. Conclusion The 31% incidence of thrombotic complications in ICU patients with COVID-19 infections is remarkably high. Our findings reinforce the recommendation to strictly apply pharmacological thrombosis prophylaxis in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, and are strongly suggestive of increasing the prophylaxis towards high-prophylactic doses, even in the absence of randomized evidence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medba
                Medicina (Buenos Aires)
                Medicina (B. Aires)
                Fundación Revista Medicina (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0025-7680
                1669-9106
                February 2022
                : 82
                : 1
                : 21-27
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameSanatorio Anchorena orgdiv1Terapia Intensiva Argentina
                [1] orgnameSanatorio Anchorena orgdiv1Servicio Cardiología Argentina
                [2] orgnameSanatorio Anchorena orgdiv1Clínica Médica Argentina
                Article
                S0025-76802022000100021 S0025-7680(22)08200100021
                2e5fc93d-af76-4d96-a04b-fec4003facc5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 May 2021
                : 12 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                COVID-19,Thrombosis,Pulmonary embolism,Myocardial infarction,Anticoagulation,Trombosis,Embolia pulmonar,Infarto de miocardio,Anticoagulación

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