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      Time trends of the prevalence of allergic diseases in Korea: A systematic literature review

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          Abstract

          The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically in recent decades, and are now considered major chronic diseases at the global level. The increasing burden of allergic diseases has led to numerous worldwide and local researchers to investigate the time trends in its prevalence and identify its driving factors. Environmental changes such as urbanization and industrialization have been suggested to explain the increasing prevalence, but recent reports from Western countries suggest that this prevalence has reached a plateau or even possibly, started to decrease. However, such environmental changes are still occurring in many Asia-Pacific countries, including Korea, and it is speculated that the peak in allergy epidemics has yet to come. The present systematic literature review aimed to explore the time trends in the prevalence of allergic diseases in Korea and to identify the unmet needs for facilitating further studies.

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          Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies.

          Asthma prevalence has increased very considerably in recent decades such that it is now one of the commonest chronic disorders in the world. Recent evidence from epidemiological studies, however, suggests that the prevalence of asthma may now be declining in many parts of the world, which, if true is important for health service planning and also because this offers the possibility of generating and testing new aetiological hypotheses. Our objective was to determine whether the prevalence of asthma is declining worldwide. We undertook a systematic search of EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar, for high quality reports of cohort studies, repeat cross-sectional studies and analyses of routine healthcare datasets to examine international trends in asthma prevalence in children and adults for the period 1990-2008. There were 48 full reports of studies that satisfied our inclusion criteria. The large volume of data identified clearly indicate that there are, at present, no overall signs of a declining trend in asthma prevalence; on the contrary, asthma prevalence is in many parts of the world still increasing. The reductions in emergency healthcare utilization being reported in some economically developed countries most probably reflect improvements in quality of care. There remain major gaps in the literature on asthma trends in relation to Africa and parts of Asia. There is no overall global downward trend in the prevalence of asthma. Healthcare planners will for the foreseeable future, therefore, need to continue with high levels of anticipated expenditure in relation to provision of asthma care.
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            The European Community Respiratory Health Survey.

            The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was planned to answer specific questions about the distribution of asthma and health care given for asthma in the European Community. Specifically, the survey is designed to estimate variations in the prevalence of asthma, asthma-like symptoms and airway responsiveness; to estimate variations in exposures to known or suspected risk factors for asthma, and assess to what extent these variations explain the variations in the prevalence of disease; and to estimate differences in the use of medication for asthma. The protocol provides specific instructions on the sampling strategy adopted by the survey teams, as well as providing instructions on the use of questionnaires, the tests for allergy, lung function measurements, tests of airway responsiveness, and blood and urine collection. The principal data collection sheets and questionnaires are provided in the appendices, together with information on coding and quality control. The protocol is published as a reference for those who wish to know more of the methods used in the study, and also to give other groups who wish to collect comparable data access to the detailed methodology.
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              Recall bias in epidemiologic studies.

              S Coughlin (1990)
              The factors which contribute to bias due to differential recall between cases and controls in retrospective studies have been little studied. A review of the literature on recall accuracy suggests that the extent of inaccurate recall is related to characteristics of the exposure of interest and of the respondents, though a distinction must be drawn between recall which is biased and that which is simply inaccurate. Interviewing technique and the study protocol, including the design of questionnaires and the motivation of respondents, play a central role and are under the control of the investigator. The results of validation studies carried out to date suggest that the likelihood of recall bias may be greater when recall is poor in general.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Asia Pac Allergy
                Asia Pac Allergy
                APA
                Asia Pacific Allergy
                Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology
                2233-8276
                2233-8268
                January 2018
                29 January 2018
                : 8
                : 1
                : e8
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
                [2 ]Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.
                [3 ]Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Yoon-Seok Chang. Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea. Tel: +82-31-787-7023, Fax: +82-31-787-4052, addchang@ 123456snu.ac.kr
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-0447
                Article
                10.5415/apallergy.2018.8.e8
                5796968
                29423375
                2ed4eb83-af60-41c3-92ad-7e7a768e4883
                Copyright © 2018. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 19 January 2018
                : 27 January 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: National Health Insurance Service, CrossRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003646;
                Award ID: 2016-2-0005
                Funded by: Ministry of Health and Welfare, CrossRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003625;
                Award ID: HI14C2175
                Categories
                Current Review

                Immunology
                allergic diseases,epidemiology,prevalence,incidence,trends,korea
                Immunology
                allergic diseases, epidemiology, prevalence, incidence, trends, korea

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