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      Perceptions and Misconceptions in Molecular Recognition: Key Factors in Self-Assembling Multivalent (SAMul) Ligands/Polyanions Selectivity

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          Abstract

          Biology is dominated by polyanions (cell membranes, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides just to name a few), and achieving selective recognition between biological polyanions and synthetic systems currently constitutes a major challenge in many biomedical applications, nanovectors-assisted gene delivery being a prime example. This review work summarizes some of our recent efforts in this field; in particular, by using a combined experimental/computation approach, we investigated in detail some critical aspects in self-assembled nanomicelles and two major polyanions—DNA and heparin.

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          Recent advances in the development of gene delivery systems

          YK Sung, SW Kim (2019)
          Background Gene delivery systems are essentially necessary for the gene therapy of human genetic diseases. Gene therapy is the unique way that is able to use the adjustable gene to cure any disease. The gene therapy is one of promising therapies for a number of diseases such as inherited disorders, viral infection and cancers. The useful results of gene delivery systems depend open the adjustable targeting gene delivery systems. Some of successful gene delivery systems have recently reported for the practical application of gene therapy. Main body The recent developments of viral gene delivery systems and non-viral gene delivery systems for gene therapy have briefly reviewed. The viral gene delivery systems have discussed for the viral vectors based on DNA, RNA and oncolytic viral vectors. The non-viral gene delivery systems have also treated for the physicochemical approaches such as physical methods and chemical methods. Several kinds of successful gene delivery systems have briefly discussed on the bases of the gene delivery systems such as cationic polymers, poly(L-lysine), polysaccharides, and poly(ethylenimine)s. Conclusion The goal of the research for gene delivery system is to develop the clinically relevant vectors such as viral and non-viral vectors that use to combat elusive diseases such as AIDS, cancer, Alzheimer, etc. Next step research will focus on advancing DNA and RNA molecular technologies to become the standard treatment options in the clinical area of biomedical application.
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            Multivalency in supramolecular chemistry and nanofabrication.

            Herman Mulder, Jurriaan Huskens, David N. Reinhoudt (2004)
            Multivalency is a powerful and versatile self-assembly pathway that confers unique thermodynamic and kinetic behavior onto supramolecular complexes. The diversity of the examples of supramolecular multivalent systems discussed in this perspective shows that the concept of multivalency is a general phenomenon, and that any supramolecular interaction can be employed in multivalent displays to attain the attractive aspects characteristic of multivalent interactions. After a general introduction reviewing the general aspects of multivalency, a number of different supramolecular multivalent complexes are discussed that highlight the different features of multivalent interactions. In contrast to the many biochemical multivalent interactions, supramolecular multivalent interactions are ideal to attain a quantitative and fundamental understanding of multivalency. Several examples in which multivalency has been utilized in supramolecular nanofabrication schemes are described in detail.
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              DNA-based asymmetric catalysis.

              Anton A H P Megens, Wim Boersma, Gerard Roelfes … (2010)
              The unique chiral structure of DNA has been a source of inspiration for the development of a new class of bio-inspired catalysts. The novel concept of DNA-based asymmetric catalysis, which was introduced only five years ago, has been applied successfully in a variety of catalytic enantioselective reactions. In this tutorial review, the ideas behind this novel concept will be introduced, an overview of the catalytic chemistry available to date will be given and the role of DNA in catalysis will be discussed. Finally, an overview of new developments of potential interest for DNA-based asymmetric catalysis will be provided.
              Article 0 comments Cited 64 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jørn Bolstad Christensen: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 February 2020
                Publication date Collection: February 2020
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1003
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; domenico.marson@ 123456dia.units.it (D.M.); saulic@ 123456units.it (S.A.); maurizio.fermeglia@ 123456units.it (M.F.); sabrina.pricl@ 123456dia.units.it (S.P.)
                [2 ]Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: erik.laurini@ 123456dia.units.it ; Tel.: +39-040-558-3432
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-9868
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8380-4474
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-25-01003
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules25041003
                PMC ID: 7070608
                PubMed ID: 32102359
                SO-VID: 31f3436a-2432-4342-982f-1657e717dec7
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 January 2020
                Date accepted : 21 February 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: self-assembly,multivalency,amphiphilic ligands,dna,heparin,polyanion binding,isothermal titration calorimetry,molecular simulations,chirality
                Data availability:
                Keywords: self-assembly, multivalency, amphiphilic ligands, dna, heparin, polyanion binding, isothermal titration calorimetry, molecular simulations, chirality

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