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      The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris.

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          Abstract

          Orchidaceae, renowned for its spectacular flowers and other reproductive and ecological adaptations, is one of the most diverse plant families. Here we present the genome sequence of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, a frequently used parent species for orchid breeding. P. equestris is the first plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) for which the genome has been sequenced. Our assembled genome contains 29,431 predicted protein-coding genes. We find that contigs likely to be underassembled, owing to heterozygosity, are enriched for genes that might be involved in self-incompatibility pathways. We find evidence for an orchid-specific paleopolyploidy event that preceded the radiation of most orchid clades, and our results suggest that gene duplication might have contributed to the evolution of CAM photosynthesis in P. equestris. Finally, we find expanded and diversified families of MADS-box C/D-class, B-class AP3 and AGL6-class genes, which might contribute to the highly specialized morphology of orchid flowers.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat. Genet.
          Nature genetics
          1546-1718
          1061-4036
          Jan 2015
          : 47
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2] Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene &Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science &Technology (prep) and Division of Life &Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. [3] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
          [2 ] BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
          [3 ] 1] Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
          [4 ] Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
          [5 ] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
          [6 ] State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
          [7 ] Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
          [8 ] Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales (AGAP), Montpellier, France.
          [9 ] State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China.
          [10 ] College of Forestry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China.
          [11 ] 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2] Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene &Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science &Technology (prep) and Division of Life &Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. [3] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. [4] College of Forestry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China.
          [12 ] 1] Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. [2] Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
          [13 ] 1] Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. [3] Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
          [14 ] 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2] Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene &Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science &Technology (prep) and Division of Life &Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. [3] College of Forestry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China.
          Article
          ng.3149
          10.1038/ng.3149
          25420146
          349663fc-503d-4331-a985-9157966d8143
          History

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