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      Genetic variation and inheritance of phytosterol and oil content in a doubled haploid population derived from the winter oilseed rape Sansibar × Oase cross

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          Abstract

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          Identification of QTL for phytosterol content, oil content, fatty acids content, protein content of defatted meal, and seed weight by multiple interval mapping in a Brassica napus DH population.

          Abstract

          Phytosterols are minor seed constituents in oilseed rape which have recently drawn wide-interest from the food and nutrition industry due to their health benefit in lowering LDL cholesterol in humans. To understand the genetic basis of phytosterol content and its relationship with other seed quality traits in oilseed rape, QTL mapping was performed in a segregating DH population derived from the cross of two winter oilseed rape varieties, Sansibar and Oase, termed SODH population. Both parental lines are of canola quality which differ in phytosterol and oil content in seed. A genetic map was constructed for SODH population based on a total of 1638 markers organized in 23 linkage groups and covering a map length of 2350 cM with a mean marker interval of 2.0 cM. The SODH population and the parental lines were cultivated at six environments in Europe and were phenotyped for phytosterol content, oil content, fatty acids content, protein content of the defatted meal, and seed weight. Multiple interval mapping identified between one and six QTL for nine phytosterol traits, between two and six QTL for four fatty acids, five QTL for oil content, four QTL for protein content of defatted meal, and three QTL for seed weight. Colocalizations of QTL for different traits were more frequently observed than individual isolated QTL. Major QTL ( R 2 ≥ 25 %) were all located in the A genome, and the possible candidate genes were investigated by physical localization of the QTL to the reference genome sequence of Brassica rapa.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00122-015-2621-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting.

          P. Vos, R Hogers, M. Bleeker … (1995)
          A novel DNA fingerprinting technique called AFLP is described. The AFLP technique is based on the selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from a total digest of genomic DNA. The technique involves three steps: (i) restriction of the DNA and ligation of oligonucleotide adapters, (ii) selective amplification of sets of restriction fragments, and (iii) gel analysis of the amplified fragments. PCR amplification of restriction fragments is achieved by using the adapter and restriction site sequence as target sites for primer annealing. The selective amplification is achieved by the use of primers that extend into the restriction fragments, amplifying only those fragments in which the primer extensions match the nucleotides flanking the restriction sites. Using this method, sets of restriction fragments may be visualized by PCR without knowledge of nucleotide sequence. The method allows the specific co-amplification of high numbers of restriction fragments. The number of fragments that can be analyzed simultaneously, however, is dependent on the resolution of the detection system. Typically 50-100 restriction fragments are amplified and detected on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The AFLP technique provides a novel and very powerful DNA fingerprinting technique for DNAs of any origin or complexity.
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            Unraveling the complex trait of crop yield with quantitative trait loci mapping in Brassica napus.

            Jiaqin Shi, Ruiyuan Li, Dan Qiu … (2009)
            Yield is the most important and complex trait for the genetic improvement of crops. Although much research into the genetic basis of yield and yield-associated traits has been reported, in each such experiment the genetic architecture and determinants of yield have remained ambiguous. One of the most intractable problems is the interaction between genes and the environment. We identified 85 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed yield along with 785 QTL for eight yield-associated traits, from 10 natural environments and two related populations of rapeseed. A trait-by-trait meta-analysis revealed 401 consensus QTL, of which 82.5% were clustered and integrated into 111 pleiotropic unique QTL by meta-analysis, 47 of which were relevant for seed yield. The complexity of the genetic architecture of yield was demonstrated, illustrating the pleiotropy, synthesis, variability, and plasticity of yield QTL. The idea of estimating indicator QTL for yield QTL and identifying potential candidate genes for yield provides an advance in methodology for complex traits.
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              Multiple interval mapping for quantitative trait loci.

              Peter R Teasdale, Z Zeng, Lillian S Kao (1999)
              A new statistical method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), called multiple interval mapping (MIM), is presented. It uses multiple marker intervals simultaneously to fit multiple putative QTL directly in the model for mapping QTL. The MIM model is based on Cockerham's model for interpreting genetic parameters and the method of maximum likelihood for estimating genetic parameters. With the MIM approach, the precision and power of QTL mapping could be improved. Also, epistasis between QTL, genotypic values of individuals, and heritabilities of quantitative traits can be readily estimated and analyzed. Using the MIM model, a stepwise selection procedure with likelihood ratio test statistic as a criterion is proposed to identify QTL. This MIM method was applied to a mapping data set of radiata pine on three traits: brown cone number, tree diameter, and branch quality scores. Based on the MIM result, seven, six, and five QTL were detected for the three traits, respectively. The detected QTL individually contributed from approximately 1 to 27% of the total genetic variation. Significant epistasis between four pairs of QTL in two traits was detected, and the four pairs of QTL contributed approximately 10.38 and 14.14% of the total genetic variation. The asymptotic variances of QTL positions and effects were also provided to construct the confidence intervals. The estimated heritabilities were 0.5606, 0.5226, and 0. 3630 for the three traits, respectively. With the estimated QTL effects and positions, the best strategy of marker-assisted selection for trait improvement for a specific purpose and requirement can be explored. The MIM FORTRAN program is available on the worldwide web (http://www.stat.sinica.edu.tw/chkao/).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Lishia Teh: lteh@gwdg.de
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Theor Appl Genet
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Theor. Appl. Genet
                Title: TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 0040-5752
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-2242
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 October 2015
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 October 2015
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Volume: 129
                Pages: 181-199
                Affiliations
                Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
                Author notes

                Communicated by L. Jiang.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 2621
                DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2621-y
                PMC ID: 4703628
                PubMed ID: 26518571
                SO-VID: 3eb6b4ec-5aab-4ad1-97e5-37cca6dedb53
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2015
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Date received : 20 June 2015
                Date accepted : 9 October 2015
                Funding
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
                Award ID: MO 604/8-1
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: brassica napus,phytosterols,oil content,fatty acids,qtl mapping
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: brassica napus, phytosterols, oil content, fatty acids, qtl mapping

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