β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation Prevents Bone Loss during Pregnancy—Novel Evidence from a Spiny Mouse ( Acomys cahirinus ) Model

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during pregnancy on postpartum bone tissue quality by assessing changes in trabecular and compact bone as well as in hyaline and epiphyseal cartilage. The experiment was carried out on adult 6-month-old female spiny mice ( Acomys cahirinus) divided into three groups: pregnant control (PregCont), pregnant HMB-treated (supplemented with 0.02 g/kg b.w of HMB during the second trimester of pregnancy, PregHMB), and non-pregnant females (NonPreg). Cross-sectional area and cortical index of the femoral mid-shaft, stiffness, and Young modulus were significantly greater in the PregHMB group. Whole-bone mineral density was similar in all groups, and HMB supplementation increased trabecular number. Growth plate cartilage was the thinnest, while the articular cartilage was the thickest in the PregHMB group. HMB supplementation increased the content of proteoglycans in the articular cartilage and the percentage of immature collagen content in metaphyseal trabeculae and compact bone. In summary, dietary HMB supplementation during the second trimester of pregnancy intensifies bone metabolic processes and prevents bone loss during pregnancy.

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Philip Reeves, Forrest H Nielsen, George Fahey (1993)

For sixteen years, the American Institute of Nutrition Rodent Diets, AIN-76 and AIN-76A, have been used extensively around the world. Because of numerous nutritional and technical problems encountered with the diet during this period, it was revised. Two new formulations were derived: AIN-93G for growth, pregnancy and lactation, and AIN-93M for adult maintenance. Some major differences in the new formulation of AIN-93G compared with AIN-76A are as follows: 7 g soybean oil/100 g diet was substituted for 5 g corn oil/100 g diet to increase the amount of linolenic acid; cornstarch was substituted for sucrose; the amount of phosphorus was reduced to help eliminate the problem of kidney calcification in female rats; L-cystine was substituted for DL-methionine as the amino acid supplement for casein, known to be deficient in the sulfur amino acids; manganese concentration was lowered to one-fifth the amount in the old diet; the amounts of vitamin E, vitamin K and vitamin B-12 were increased; and molybdenum, silicon, fluoride, nickel, boron, lithium and vanadium were added to the mineral mix. For the AIN-93M maintenance diet, the amount of fat was lowered to 40 g/kg diet from 70 g/kg diet, and the amount of casein to 140 g/kg from 200 g/kg in the AIN-93G diet. Because of a better balance of essential nutrients, the AIN-93 diets may prove to be a better choice than AIN-76A for long-term as well as short-term studies with laboratory rodents.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Elizabeth W. Bradley: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 17 March 2021

Publication date Collection: March 2021

Volume: 22

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 3047

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

[2 ]School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; janine.donaldson@ 123456wits.ac.za

[3 ]Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego St. 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; kuba.kosinski@ 123456gmail.com (J.K.); a.tomczykwarunek@ 123456gmail.com (A.T.-W.); blicharskirudolf@ 123456gmail.com (R.B.); blicharski@ 123456vp.pl (T.B.)

[4 ]Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; piotr.dobrowolski@ 123456umcs.lublin.pl (P.D.); monhul@ 123456o2.pl (M.H.-S.)

[5 ]Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna St. 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland; k.lamorski@ 123456ipan.lublin.pl

[6 ]Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; dorota.laskowska.wozniak@ 123456gmail.com (D.L.-W.); siemowit.muszynski@ 123456up.lublin.pl (S.M.)

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[* ]Correspondence: ewaRST@ 123456interia.pl

Author information

Ewa Tomaszewska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-2653

Janine Donaldson https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-016X

Piotr Dobrowolski https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-9666

Monika Hułas-Stasiak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-009X

Krzysztof Lamorski https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-541X

Siemowit Muszyński https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-6302

Tomasz Blicharski https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-8817

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-22-03047

DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063047

PMC ID: 8002460

SO-VID: 479896e4-e50c-407d-b82f-f0fc205e2ca8

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation Prevents Bone Loss during Pregnancy—Novel Evidence from a Spiny Mouse ( Acomys cahirinus) Model

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Most cited references 83

NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis

Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: a 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee.

AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet.

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