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      Hydrogel membranes based on genipin-cross-linked chitosan blends for corneal epithelium tissue engineering

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          Abstract

          Novel polymeric hydrogel scaffolds for corneal epithelium cell culturing based on blends of chitosan with some other biopolymers such as hydroxypropylcellulose, collagen and elastin crosslinked with genipin, a natural substance, were prepared. Physicochemical and biomechanical properties of these materials were determined. The in vitro cell culture experiments with corneal epithelium cells have indicated that a membrane prepared from chitosan–collagen blend (Ch–Col) provided the regular stratified growth of the epithelium cells, good surface covering and increased number of the cell layers. Ch–Col membranes are therefore the most promising material among those studied. The performance of Ch–Col membranes is comparable with that of the amniotic membrane which is currently recommended for clinical applications.

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          Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review.

          Ming Kong, Xi Chen, Ke Xing … (2010)
          Owing to its high biodegradability, and nontoxicity and antimicrobial properties, chitosan is widely-used as an antimicrobial agent either alone or blended with other natural polymers. To broaden chitosan's antimicrobial applicability, comprehensive knowledge of its activity is necessary. The paper reviews the current trend of investigation on antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its mode of action. Chitosan-mediated inhibition is affected by several factors can be classified into four types as intrinsic, environmental, microorganism and physical state, according to their respective roles. In this review, different physical states are comparatively discussed. Mode of antimicrobial action is discussed in parts of the active compound (chitosan) and the target (microorganisms) collectively and independently in same complex. Finally, the general antimicrobial applications of chitosan and perspectives about future studies in this field are considered. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Reconstruction of damaged corneas by transplantation of autologous limbal epithelial cells.

            R J Tsai, L Li, J. Chen (2000)
            Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, and thermal or chemical burns can cause scarring and opacification of the cornea and loss of vision. Transplantation of epithelial cells from the limbus of the contralateral cornea can restore useful vision. However, this procedure requires a large limbal graft from the healthy eye and is not possible in patients who have bilateral lesions. We took specimens of limbal epithelial cells from the healthy contralateral eyes of six patients with severe unilateral corneal disease. The epithelial cells were cultured and expanded on amniotic membrane. The amniotic membrane, together with the sheet of limbal epithelial cells, was transplanted to the denuded corneal surface of the damaged eye after superficial keratectomy to remove fibrovascular ingrowth. The mean (+/-SD) follow-up period was 15+/-2 months. Complete reepithelialization of the corneal surface occurred within two to four days of transplantation in all six eyes receiving transplants. By one month, the ocular surface was covered with corneal epithelium, and the clarity of the cornea was improved. In five of the six eyes receiving transplants (83 percent), the mean visual acuity improved from 20/112 to 20/45. In one patient with a chemical burn who had total opacification of the cornea, the acuity improved from the ability to count fingers at 40 cm to 20/200. No patient had recurrent neovascularization or inflammation in the transplanted area during the follow-up period. Transplantation of autologous limbal epithelial cells cultured on amniotic membrane is a simple and effective method of reconstructing the corneal surface and restoring useful vision in patients with unilateral deficiency of limbal epithelial cells.
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              Chitosan Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering—An Overview

              Jayachandran Venkatesan, Se-Kwon Kim (2010)
              Bone contains considerable amounts of minerals and proteins. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is one of the most stable forms of calcium phosphate and it occurs in bones as major component (60 to 65%), along with other materials including collagen, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate and lipids. In recent years, significant progress has been made in organ transplantation, surgical reconstruction and the use of artificial protheses to treat the loss or failure of an organ or bone tissue. Chitosan has played a major role in bone tissue engineering over the last two decades, being a natural polymer obtained from chitin, which forms a major component of crustacean exoskeleton. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to chitosan composite materials and their applications in the field of bone tissue engineering due to its minimal foreign body reactions, an intrinsic antibacterial nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to be molded into various geometries and forms such as porous structures, suitable for cell ingrowth and osteoconduction. The composite of chitosan including hydroxyapatite is very popular because of the biodegradability and biocompatibility in nature. Recently, grafted chitosan natural polymer with carbon nanotubes has been incorporated to increase the mechanical strength of these composites. Chitosan composites are thus emerging as potential materials for artificial bone and bone regeneration in tissue engineering. Herein, the preparation, mechanical properties, chemical interactions and in vitro activity of chitosan composites for bone tissue engineering will be discussed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : +48-12-663-2020 , +48-12-634-0515 , szczubia@chemia.uj.edu.pl
                : nowakows@chemia.uj.edu.pl
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Mater Sci Mater Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Mater Sci Mater Med
                Title: Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
                Publisher: Springer US (Boston )
                ISSN (Print): 0957-4530
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-4838
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 May 2012
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 May 2012
                Publication date (Print): August 2012
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1991-2000
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
                [2 ]Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital, Panewnicka 65, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
                [3 ]Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Silesian Medical University, Filarowa 5A, 40-565 Katowice, Poland
                Article
                Publisher ID: 4666
                DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4666-7
                PMC ID: 3400759
                PubMed ID: 22569736
                SO-VID: 4cd07943-ad78-4951-898a-e507c9eb70c5
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2012
                History
                Date received : 24 December 2011
                Date accepted : 26 April 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Materials science
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Materials science

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