Solitary tracheal B-cell lymphoma in an adult alpaca ( Vicugna pacos )

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Abstract

Background

This report describes a case of solitary tracheal lymphoma in a 14-year-old alpaca mare.

Case presentation

The alpaca was referred for dyspnea and inspiratory noise. The clinical examination included complete blood cell count, blood chemistry, endoscopy, ultrasound, radiographs, and computed tomography (CT). A solitary tracheal intraluminal and juxtatracheal lymphoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). The owner requested euthanasia due to the uncertain prognosis. At postmortem examination, the presence of solitary lymphoma without involvement of other organs was confirmed. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a B-cell origin.

Conclusions

Although multicentric lymphoma is the most commonly described neoplasia affecting South American camelids (SAC), solitary forms of the disease may occur.

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Most cited references 23

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Primary malignant tumors of the trachea. A radiologic and clinical study.

H. Libshitz, Wenjun Li, N A Ellerbroek (1990)

Fifty-four cases (55 foci) of primary tracheal malignancies were reviewed retrospectively. Radiologic material was available in 32 cases (33 tracheal foci). The most frequent primary malignant tumor of the trachea was squamous cell carcinoma (54.5%), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (18%) and adenocarcinoma (9%). The radiologic appearance of the tumors could be divided into intraluminal, wall-thickening, and exophytic forms. Wall-thickening and exophytic forms in this study accounted for 62% of the tumors. This indicates that malignant tumors of the trachea tend to extraluminal invasion. Tomography and computed tomography are the most helpful methods of radiologic examination for tracheal tumors. Bronchoscopy and radiologic examination are complementary procedures. The chief advantage of imaging is the demonstration of tracheal wall thickening and extraluminal changes. Hemoptysis, dyspnea, and cough were the most common symptoms. Four cases (7%) in our series presented as thyroid tumors due to direct extension into the thyroid gland. Fifteen of the 54 cases (28%) were associated with other carcinomas of the head and neck and the lung.

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Tracheal and airway neoplasms.

Carol C. Wu, Jo-Anne Shepard (2013)

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Prevalence of neoplasia in llamas and alpacas (Oregon State University, 2001-2006).

Marcus Valentine, Lucile Martin (2007)

Prevalence and type of neoplastic disease were determined in 551 camelid submissions (368 alpacas [Lama pacos], 180 llamas [Lama glama], and 3 cases in which species was not identified) over a 5-year period. Forty neoplasms were identified in 38 animals (6.9%). Prevalence of neoplasia in llamas was higher (11%) than in alpacas (4.9%). Mean age of camelids with neoplasia was 9.42 +/- 4.9 years. Mean age of alpacas with neoplasia (5.48 +/- 3.7 years) was significantly less than of llamas with neoplasia (12.53 +/- 3.2 years; P < 0.001). Cutaneous and mucocutaneous fibroma/fibropapilloma was most common (10 animals), followed by cutaneous and mucocutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (6 animals), disseminated lymphoma (5 animals), and fibrosarcoma (4 animals). Four of 5 animals with lymphoma were alpacas, aged 0.21 to 4 years. Lymphoma occurred in 1 aged llama (15 years). Disseminated carcinoma and adenocarcinoma occurred in 4 llamas and 2 alpacas, and included biliary (2), gastrointestinal (2), mammary gland (1), and unknown (1) origin. Mean age of camelids with any type of carcinoma or adenocarcinoma (12.36 +/- 2.8 years) was significantly greater than that of camelids with lymphoma (4.24 +/- 6.2 years; P = 0.02). Results indicate that neoplasia is relatively common in camelids and that there are differences between llamas and alpacas as regards prevalence of neoplasia, tumor types, and age at diagnosis.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Emma Marchionatti:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-5829

emma.marchionatti@vetsuisse.unibe.ch

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Vet Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Vet Res

Title: BMC Veterinary Research

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1746-6148

Publication date (Electronic): 9 November 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 9 November 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 16

Electronic Location Identifier: 429

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.5734.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0726 5157, Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, , University of Bern, ; Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

[2 ]GRID grid.5734.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0726 5157, Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, , University of Bern, ; Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

[3 ]GRID grid.5734.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0726 5157, Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, , University of Bern, ; Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

[4 ]GRID grid.5734.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0726 5157, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, , University of Bern, ; Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

Author information

Emma Marchionatti http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-5829

Article

Publisher ID: 2640

DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02640-9

PMC ID: 7653881

SO-VID: 7b76be3b-a446-4750-8668-7b8659ac9cda

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 12 March 2020

Date accepted : 23 October 2020

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine

Keywords: south american camelids,neoplasia,tracheal lymphoma,ultrasound,radiographs,computed tomography,immunohistochemistry

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine

Keywords: south american camelids, neoplasia, tracheal lymphoma, ultrasound, radiographs, computed tomography, immunohistochemistry

Solitary tracheal B-cell lymphoma in an adult alpaca ( Vicugna pacos)

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Abstract

Background

Case presentation

Conclusions

Related collections

Horses and Humans Research Foundation

Most cited references 23

Primary malignant tumors of the trachea. A radiologic and clinical study.

Tracheal and airway neoplasms.

Prevalence of neoplasia in llamas and alpacas (Oregon State University, 2001-2006).

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