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      Integrative taxonomy reveals first record of Loxoscelesrufescens (Dufour, 1820) (Araneae, Sicariidae) in the Philippines

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          Abstract

          Background

          The spider family Sicariidae Keyserling, 1880 represented by the synanthropic Mediterranean recluse spider, Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820), is reported in the Philippines for the first time, based on morphological and molecular data. The introduced spider was observed in a small cave (Kamantigue Cave) in Lobo, Batangas Province. Considering the medical importance of this spider, the proximity of its habitat to human habitation and tourist sites poses a potential public health concern.

          New information

          This study reports on the first record of the family Sicariidae in the Philippines and the fourth recorded occurrence of L. rufescens in Southeast Asia.

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          Most cited references51

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          Basic local alignment search tool.

          Stephen F Altschul, Warren Gish, Webb Miller … (1990)
          A new approach to rapid sequence comparison, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), directly approximates alignments that optimize a measure of local similarity, the maximal segment pair (MSP) score. Recent mathematical results on the stochastic properties of MSP scores allow an analysis of the performance of this method as well as the statistical significance of alignments it generates. The basic algorithm is simple and robust; it can be implemented in a number of ways and applied in a variety of contexts including straightforward DNA and protein sequence database searches, motif searches, gene identification searches, and in the analysis of multiple regions of similarity in long DNA sequences. In addition to its flexibility and tractability to mathematical analysis, BLAST is an order of magnitude faster than existing sequence comparison tools of comparable sensitivity.
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            MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput.

            R. C. Edgar (2004)
            We describe MUSCLE, a new computer program for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences. Elements of the algorithm include fast distance estimation using kmer counting, progressive alignment using a new profile function we call the log-expectation score, and refinement using tree-dependent restricted partitioning. The speed and accuracy of MUSCLE are compared with T-Coffee, MAFFT and CLUSTALW on four test sets of reference alignments: BAliBASE, SABmark, SMART and a new benchmark, PREFAB. MUSCLE achieves the highest, or joint highest, rank in accuracy on each of these sets. Without refinement, MUSCLE achieves average accuracy statistically indistinguishable from T-Coffee and MAFFT, and is the fastest of the tested methods for large numbers of sequences, aligning 5000 sequences of average length 350 in 7 min on a current desktop computer. The MUSCLE program, source code and PREFAB test data are freely available at http://www.drive5. com/muscle.
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              MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11

              Koichiro Tamura, Glen Stecher, Sudhir Kumar (2021)
              The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a large collection of methods and tools of computational molecular evolution. Here, we describe new additions that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gene families using rapid relaxed-clock methods. Methods for estimating divergence times and confidence intervals are implemented to use probability densities for calibration constraints for node-dating and sequence sampling dates for tip-dating analyses. They are supported by new options for tagging sequences with spatiotemporal sampling information, an expanded interactive Node Calibrations Editor , and an extended Tree Explorer to display timetrees. Also added is a Bayesian method for estimating neutral evolutionary probabilities of alleles in a species using multispecies sequence alignments and a machine learning method to test for the autocorrelation of evolutionary rates in phylogenies. The computer memory requirements for the maximum likelihood analysis are reduced significantly through reprogramming, and the graphical user interface has been made more responsive and interactive for very big data sets. These enhancements will improve the user experience, quality of results, and the pace of biological discovery. Natively compiled graphical user interface and command-line versions of MEGA11 are available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS from www.megasoftware.net .
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Aimee Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-0266
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Project administration
                Camille Faith D. Duran: Role: Writing - original draftRole: Data curation
                Ma. Francia Kyla M. Cammayo: Role: Data curation
                Cristian C. Lucañas:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-4057
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing - review and editingRole: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Alberto T. Barrion: Role: Writing - review and editingRole: Validation
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biodivers Data J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biodivers Data J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 1
                Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F9B2E808-C883-5F47-B276-6D62129E4FF4
                Journal ID (aggregator): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:245B00E9-BFE5-4B4F-B76E-15C30BA74C02
                Title: Biodiversity Data Journal
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1314-2836
                ISSN (Electronic): 1314-2828
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 February 2024
                Volume: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e117072
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Entomology Section, Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Entomology Section, Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) Los Baños, Laguna Philippines
                [2 ] Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) Los Baños, Laguna Philippines
                [3 ] Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Taft, Manila, Philippines Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University Taft, Manila Philippines
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Aimee Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo ( abdupo@ 123456up.edu.ph ).

                Academic editor: Alireza Zamani

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-0266
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-0696
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-6817
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-4057
                Article
                Publisher ID: 117072 Publisher-manuscript ID: 23930
                DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e117072
                PMC ID: 10897833
                PubMed ID: 38414843
                SO-VID: 7c95b89b-5f66-4826-bdac-8f43b81c49e5
                Copyright © Aimee Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo, Ireneo L. Lit, Jr., Camille Faith D. Duran, Ma. Francia Kyla M. Cammayo, Marnelli S. Alviola, Sheila Mae Q. Mercado, Cecille Ann L. Osio, Orlando L. Eusebio, Cristian C. Lucañas, Alberto T. Barrion
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 08 December 2023
                Date accepted : 13 February 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, References: 52
                Funding
                Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Niche Centers in the Regions for Research and Development (NICER)
                Categories
                Subject: Taxonomy & Inventories
                Subject: Animalia
                Subject: Araneae
                Subject: Sicariidae
                Subject: Ecology & Environmental sciences
                Subject: Zoology & Animal Biology
                Subject: Systematics
                Subject: Biodiversity & Conservation
                Subject: Asia

                Keywords: caves, loxoscelesrufescens ,loxoscelism,mediterranean recluse
                Data availability:
                Keywords: caves, loxoscelesrufescens , loxoscelism, mediterranean recluse

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