Immunization against recombinant GnRH-I alters ultrastructure of gonadotropin cell in an experimental boar model

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Abstract

Background

Gonadotropin cell is the main responsible for the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and immunocastration reduces the concentrations of serum FSH and LH. A few studies have reported the histological structure of gonadotropin cells obtained from immunocastration animals at the light microscopy level. However, the ultrastructure of gonadotropin cells remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare ultrastructure of gonadotropin cell in gonadally intact boars and immunologically castrated male animals.

Findings

In this study, serum and adenohypophysis tissue were collected from nine gonadally intact boars and nine male pigs treated with recombinant gonadotropin releasing hormone I (GnRH-I). Anti-GnRH-I antibodies in serum and the ultrastructure of gonadotropin cell in adenohypophysis were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and electron microscopy, respectively. The results demonstrated that active immunization against recombinant GnRH-I increased serum GnRH-I antibody levels ( P<0.05). Ultramicroscopic analysis of gonadotropin cell revealed a decrease ( P<0.05) in the number and size of the large granules and small granules in the recombinant GnRH-I immunized animals.

Conclusions

We conclude that immunization against recombinant GnRH-I induces severe atrophy of granules in gonadotropin cell of boars, possibly reflecting GnRH-I regulation of gonadotropin cell.

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Most cited references 11

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Steroid hormones, boar taint compounds, and reproductive organs in pigs according to the delay between immunocastration and slaughter.

M Bonneau, V Kubale, G Fazarinc … (2013)

The producer of vaccine against GnRH recommends that immunocastrated pigs are to be slaughtered within 4 to 6 weeks after the second vaccination (V2). The objective of the study was to examine the effect of shorter or longer delay on steroid hormones, boar taint compounds, and morphologic and histologic traits of reproductive organs. Forty male pigs (individually housed and fed a commercial diet) were assigned within litter to four treatment groups, 10 pigs were left entire (EM27) and the others were vaccinated against GnRH (Improvac, Pfizer Animal Health) at the age of 12 and 19 weeks. Pigs were slaughtered at 21 (IC21), 24 (IC24), and 27 (IC27 and EM27) weeks of age. Two EM27 pigs died during the experiment, one IC21 pig was excluded because of illness, one IC27 pig was a nonresponder, and two pigs (IC24 and IC27) were hermaphrodites. To assess the effect on steroid hormones, blood was taken at 12, 15, 19, 21, and 24 weeks of age. Subcutaneous fat and reproductive organs were sampled after slaughter for determination of androstenone, skatole, morphologic, and histologic measurements. Immmunocastration interrupted the rise of estrogen and caused a substantial fall of testosterone in IC21, IC24, and IC27 pigs. As a result, androstenone and skatole levels were successfully reduced regardless of the time elapsed from V2. The weight of the reproductive organs was also drastically reduced, the shrinkage being proportional to the length of the interval between V2 and slaughter and was the most evident for vesicular glands, followed by bulbourethral glands, and testes. Corresponding changes were observed also on a histologic level with a progressive decrease in the size and number of Leydig cells, a diminishing immunoreactivity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ-5-4 isomerase, and luteinizing hormone receptor, along with a shrinkage of tubuli seminiferi, atrophy of seminiferous epithelium, and a loss of germ cells, indicating a disruption in testicular spermatogenetic function. Regression of the glandular tissue with a decreasing amount of secreta was also observed for bulbourethral and vesicular glands. The investigated physiologic, morphologic, and histologic traits were progressive with the increasing delay to slaughter (clearly seen already 2 weeks after V2), though no signs of functional or morphological restoration was observed within 8 weeks after V2. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sustained testicular atrophy in bulls actively immunized against GnRH: potential to control carcase characteristics.

Michael D’Occhio, William Aspden, Timothy Trigg (2001)

The objectives were to determine whether active immunization against gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) induced a long-term suppression of testicular function in bulls, and to ascertain the effects of immunization against GnRH on carcase and meat quality characteristics. In experiment 1, 6-month-old Zebu bulls were assigned to: control (n=25), no treatment; immunized (n=31), immunized against GnRH at 0 and 4 months (anti-GnRH(2)), with a sub-set of bulls (n=17) immunized again at 10 months (anti-GnRH(3)). After the second immunization, testicular growth ceased for 2 months in 14/31 (45%) bulls and for at least 6 months in 17/31 (55%) bulls. Among the latter bulls (anti-GnRH(3)) the testes did not grow for >1 year after the third immunization in 5/17 (30%) bulls. In experiment 2, 22-month-old Zebu bulls were assigned to: control (n=14), no treatment; immunized (n=17), immunized against GnRH at 0, 2 and 4 weeks. The testes decreased (P<0.05) in size for 2 months after immunization in 11/17 (65%) bulls and then re-initiated growth, whilst in 6/17 (35%) bulls the testes continued to decrease in size for 4 months and did not re-initiate growth for 1 year. At slaughter, the latter immunocastrated bulls had carcase and meat quality characteristics the same as contemporary bulls that had been castrated before puberty. The findings demonstrated that active immunization against GnRH can induce a long-term suppression of testicular function in a proportion of bulls. Also, when bulls are immunocastrated after puberty, carcase and meat quality traits change from those typical of entire bulls to traits that are characteristic of long-term castrated bulls.

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The effects of immunization against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on performance, sexual development, and levels of boar taint-related compounds in intact male pigs.

C Chouvet, C Roulet, Janet Squires … (1993)

The effect of a newly developed anti-LH-RH vaccine on the performance, sexual development, and incidence of boar taint-related compounds was investigated in young intact male pigs. At 29 kg BW, 40 crossbred intact males and 20 castrates were allocated to three groups. Castrates and half of the intact males were untreated. The remaining intact males were immunized against LH-RH at 29 kg and again at 89 kg BW. All pigs were slaughtered at 105 kg BW. Compared with control intact males, feed efficiency in castrates was decreased by 10%, muscle content was reduced by 5%, and carcass fat content was increased by 26%. Growth performance and carcass traits did not differ significantly between immunized and control intact males. Genital tract weight, measured at slaughter, was decreased (P < or = .002) by immunization. Plasma testosterone concentrations were not significantly affected at 89 kg BW, whereas they were sevenfold lower (P < .001) in immunized than in control intact males at 105 kg BW. Fat androsterone levels, measured at slaughter, were substantially reduced (P < .001) from .66 +/- .07 microgram/g in control to .21 +/- .01 microgram/g in immunized intact males. Rates of testicular steroid biosynthesis, measured in vitro, were decreased by immunocastration. Fat skatole levels were very low and did not differ significantly between the three groups. The present results demonstrate that anti-LHRH immunization was effective in reducing the level of androstenone, a boar taint-related compound, although having a limited effect on the performance of the animals.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Fugui Fang

Shiping Su

Ya Liu

Yunhai Zhang

Yong Pu

Xijie Zhao

Yunsheng Li

Hongguo Cao

Juhua Wang

Jie Zhou

Xiaorong Zhang

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Reprod Biol Endocrinol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol

Title: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 1477-7827

Publication date Collection: 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 15 July 2013

Volume: 11

Page: 63

Affiliations

[1 ]Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 of Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China

[2 ]Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, No. 130 of Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China

[3 ]Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province, No. 130 of Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China

Article

Publisher ID: 1477-7827-11-63

DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-63

PMC ID: 3720181

PubMed ID: 23855561

SO-VID: 82adc953-e0aa-40f7-bb85-f6aeb386a7d7

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Immunization against recombinant GnRH-I alters ultrastructure of gonadotropin cell in an experimental boar model

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Most cited references 11

Steroid hormones, boar taint compounds, and reproductive organs in pigs according to the delay between immunocastration and slaughter.

Sustained testicular atrophy in bulls actively immunized against GnRH: potential to control carcase characteristics.

The effects of immunization against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on performance, sexual development, and levels of boar taint-related compounds in intact male pigs.

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