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      Bioactivities and Health Benefits of Wild Fruits

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          Abstract

          Wild fruits are exotic or underutilized. Wild fruits contain many bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. Many studies have shown that wild fruits possess various bioactivities and health benefits, such as free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. Therefore, wild fruits have the potential to be developed into functional foods or pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat several chronic diseases. In the present article, we review current knowledge about the bioactivities and health benefits of wild fruits, which is valuable for the exploitation and utilization of wild fruits.

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          Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals.

          Rui Hai Liu (2003)
          Cardiovascular disease and cancer are ranked as the first and second leading causes of death in the United States and in most industrialized countries. Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer disease, cataracts, and some of the functional declines associated with aging. Prevention is a more effective strategy than is treatment of chronic diseases. Functional foods that contain significant amounts of bioactive components may provide desirable health benefits beyond basic nutrition and play important roles in the prevention of chronic diseases. The key question is whether a purified phytochemical has the same health benefit as does the whole food or mixture of foods in which the phytochemical is present. Our group found, for example, that the vitamin C in apples with skin accounts for only 0.4% of the total antioxidant activity, suggesting that most of the antioxidant activity of fruit and vegetables may come from phenolics and flavonoids in apples. We propose that the additive and synergistic effects of phytochemicals in fruit and vegetables are responsible for their potent antioxidant and anticancer activities, and that the benefit of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables is attributed to the complex mixture of phytochemicals present in whole foods.
          Article 0 comments Cited 387 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine

            Barry Halliwell, John M. C. Gutteridge (1999)
            "This latest edition has been comprehensively rewritten and updated (over 80% of the text is new), whilst maintaining the clarity of its predecessor. There is expanded coverage of isoprostanes and related compounds, mechanisms of oxidative damage to DNA and proteins (and the repair of such damage), the free radical theory of ageing and the roles played by reactive species in signal transduction, cell death, human reproduction, and other important biological events. Greater emphasis has also been placed on the methods available to measure reactive species and oxidative damage (and their potential pitfalls), as well as the importance of antioxidants in the human diet." "This book is recommended as a comprehensive introduction to the field for students, clinicians and researchers, and an invaluable companion to all those interested in the role of free radicals in the life and medical sciences."--BOOK JACKET.
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              Resources and Biological Activities of Natural Polyphenols

              An-Na Li, Sha Li, Yu-Jie Zhang … (2014)
              The oxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in many chronic and degenerative diseases. As an important category of phytochemicals, phenolic compounds universally exist in plants, and have been considered to have high antioxidant ability and free radical scavenging capacity, with the mechanism of inhibiting the enzymes responsible for ROS production and reducing highly oxidized ROS. Therefore, phenolic compounds have attracted increasing attention as potential agents for preventing and treating many oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, ageing, diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge of natural polyphenols, including resource, bioactivities, bioavailability and potential toxicity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Maurizio Battino: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 August 2016
                Publication date Collection: August 2016
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1258
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; liya28@ 123456mail2.sysu.edu.cn (Y.L.); zhangjj46@ 123456mail2.sysu.edu.cn (J.-J.Z.); xudp@ 123456mail2.sysu.edu.cn (D.-P.X.); zhout43@ 123456mail2.sysu.edu.cn (T.Z.); zhouyue3@ 123456mail2.sysu.edu.cn (Y.Z.)
                [2 ]School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; u3003781@ 123456connect.hku.hk
                [3 ]South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: lihuabin@ 123456mail.sysu.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-20-873-323-91
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-17-01258
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081258
                PMC ID: 5000656
                PubMed ID: 27527154
                SO-VID: 85559eb9-37af-429f-ab67-668823e27a8a
                Copyright © © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 24 May 2016
                Date accepted : 28 July 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: wild fruit,bioactivity,antioxidant,anticancer,anti-inflammatory
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: wild fruit, bioactivity, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory

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