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      Recent Advances in Magnetite Nanoparticle Functionalization for Nanomedicine

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          Abstract

          Functionalization of nanomaterials can enhance and modulate their properties and behaviour, enabling characteristics suitable for medical applications. Magnetite (Fe 3O 4) nanoparticles are one of the most popular types of nanomaterials used in this field, and many technologies being already translated in clinical practice. This article makes a summary of the surface modification and functionalization approaches presented lately in the scientific literature for improving or modulating magnetite nanoparticles for their applications in nanomedicine.

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          Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: synthesis, biocompatibility and drug delivery.

          Fangqiong Tang, Linlin Li, Dong Chen (2012)
          In the past decade, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted more and more attention for their potential biomedical applications. With their tailored mesoporous structure and high surface area, MSNs as drug delivery systems (DDSs) show significant advantages over traditional drug nanocarriers. In this review, we overview the recent progress in the synthesis of MSNs for drug delivery applications. First, we provide an overview of synthesis strategies for fabricating ordered MSNs and hollow/rattle-type MSNs. Then, the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and biotranslocation of MSNs are discussed in relation to their chemophysical properties including particle size, surface properties, shape, and structure. The review also highlights the significant achievements in drug delivery using mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their multifunctional counterparts as drug carriers. In particular, the biological barriers for nano-based targeted cancer therapy and MSN-based targeting strategies are discussed. We conclude with our personal perspectives on the directions in which future work in this field might be focused. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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            Size matters: why nanomaterials are different.

            Emil Roduner (2006)
            Gold is known as a shiny, yellow noble metal that does not tarnish, has a face centred cubic structure, is non-magnetic and melts at 1336 K. However, a small sample of the same gold is quite different, providing it is tiny enough: 10 nm particles absorb green light and thus appear red. The melting temperature decreases dramatically as the size goes down. Moreover, gold ceases to be noble, and 2-3 nm nanoparticles are excellent catalysts which also exhibit considerable magnetism. At this size they are still metallic, but smaller ones turn into insulators. Their equilibrium structure changes to icosahedral symmetry, or they are even hollow or planar, depending on size. The present tutorial review intends to explain the origin of this special behaviour of nanomaterials.
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              Size-Dependent Endocytosis of Nanoparticles.

              Sulin Zhang, Ju Li, George Lykotrafitis … (2009)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nanomaterials
                Title: Nanomaterials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2079-4991
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 December 2019
                Publication date Collection: December 2019
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1791
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Department of Science and Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; roxpopescu@ 123456yahoo.co.uk (R.C.P.); ecaterina.andronescu@ 123456upb.ro (E.A.)
                [2 ]Department of Life and Environmental Physics, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: bogdan.vasile@ 123456upb.ro ; Tel.: +40-727-589-960
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-6453
                Article
                Publisher ID: nanomaterials-09-01791
                DOI: 10.3390/nano9121791
                PMC ID: 6956201
                PubMed ID: 31888236
                SO-VID: 8edafdf3-9564-418e-b2a6-8023ca1f0eee
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 31 October 2019
                Date accepted : 11 December 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: magnetite nanoparticles,fe3o4,functionalization,surface modification,conjugation,nanomedicine,biocompatibility,clinical translation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: magnetite nanoparticles, fe3o4, functionalization, surface modification, conjugation, nanomedicine, biocompatibility, clinical translation

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